Fabrication and capillary characterization of multi-scale micro-grooved wicks with sintered copper powder

Li, Qifan; Lan, Zhong; Jiang, Chun; Lian, Shijun; Wen, Rongfu; Ma, Xuehu

doi:10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2021.105123

Cited by 28 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Particularly, when the solution concentration increased to 15 wt%, the contact angle of the copper surface was 156.5°. This phenomenon may have been caused by the fact that when the solution concentration was sufficiently high, the reaction between H + and Zn was more violent, thereby resulting in the coarser nanostructures on the copper surface [ 28 ]. As illustrated in Figure 6 c, the coarse surface provided more attachment sites for copper stearate to be generated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructing Superhydrophobic Surface on Copper Substrate with Dealloying-Forming and Solution-Immersion Method

Sun

Wang

2022

Materials

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In this study, a superhydrophobic surface was constructed on a copper substrate through dealloying-forming and solution-immersion methods. The dealloying process for nanostructures on a copper surface involved the electrodeposition of zinc atoms, and the thermal alloying and chemical dealloying of zinc atoms. Then, a dealloyed copper surface was subsequently modified with low-surface-energy copper stearate to produce a superhydrophobic surface. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry were employed to characterize the morphological features and composition components of the surface in the fabrication process. The static contact angles of the copper surfaces were compared and evaluated based on various fabrication parameters, including electric current density, corrosive solution concentration, and nanostructures. The results indicated that a leaf-like copper stearate could be constructed through immersing a dealloyed copper plate into a 0.005 mol/L ethanol solution of stearic acid for 5 min. Nanostructures provided more attachment areas on the copper surface to facilitate the formation of copper stearate. The resulting as-prepared surface presented excellent superhydrophobic properties with a contact angle of over 156.5°, and showed the potential properties of non-sticking, self-cleaning, anti-corrosion, and stability. This study provides an efficient approach to fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces for engineering copper metals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructing Superhydrophobic Surface on Copper Substrate with Dealloying-Forming and Solution-Immersion Method

Sun

Wang

2022

Materials

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“…Practically, this method produces only one of the required parameters. In addition, relying on goodness of fit (R 2 ) [3,19] as a confidence measure has been shown to be insufficient and can lead to a significant error. Furthermore, the Lucas-Washburn method only uses the initial linear portion of the mROR curve, which can be limited for practical wicks and influenced adversely by the meniscus attachment or the dynamic movement of the sample.…”

Section: Lucas-washburn Methodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another widely used model is the gravity-based model [3,4,11,13,14,[18][19][20][21], which accounts for the gravitational force by adding further terms to equation (1) and the model is expressed in terms of the mass gain as…”

Section: Ror Models and Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Together, the permeability, porosity, and pore radius, dictate the hydraulic performance of the wick. Several methods have been used to characterize the wick parameters separately, such as the bubble point [1] and the rising meniscus [2] methods for effective radius and the forced liquid flow method for permeability [3][4][5]. However, the rate-of-rise (ROR) method is commonly used because it can determine both K and r eff simultaneously from a single experiment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A rate-of-rise facility for measuring properties of wick structures

Elkholy¹,

Durfee²,

Mooney³

et al. 2023

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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This work details a mass rate-of-rise (mROR) apparatus and analysis method for the accurate and precise determination of capillary wick parameters: permeability, K, effective pore radius, reff, and porosity, ε. Three factors were examined: (i) the accuracy of the theoretical models and their curve-fitting approaches associated with the mROR technique, (ii) the influence of the experimental procedure on repeatability, and (iii) how the uncertainty of the experimental input parameters propagates through the data analysis procedure and compounds the overall uncertainty of the wick parameters (K and reff). Four models and fittings methods were investigated: the Lucas–Washburn method, the gravity-based dm/dt method, the gravity-based t~m method, and the gravity-based m~t method. It is demonstrated that the m~t method developed here shows the lowest error and, equally importantly, that it is free of user decisions in the context of “data scrubbing” because the entire mROR data set is used in its raw form. To test accuracy and repeatability, a precision-controlled mROR apparatus is proposed. Experiments were performed for commercially available wicks. A robust Monte Carlo error analysis method was developed and applied to quantify the overall uncertainty in the wick parameters as a function of the input uncertainties of all measured quantities.

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“…The performance of a capillary wick depends on many factors, such as materials, porous structures, preparation method, etc. [7][8][9][10]. Commonly available materials for wicks include copper, aluminum, nickel, and carbon fiber [11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Copper Content on the Microstructure and Properties of the Sintered Porous Aluminum Wick

Cai,

Duan

2024

Metals

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Porous aluminum has been widely used as a wick, an electrode, and in other products, due to its advantages of a light weight, pore uniformity, and corrosion resistance. However, the dense alumina layer on the surface of Al powder hinders its densification during sintering. In this paper, porous aluminum was prepared via loose powder sintering with the addition of Cu as a sintering aid. The effects of Cu content on the microstructure and wick properties of the porous aluminum were investigated. The results showed that, with increasing Cu content, the porosity and capillary properties of porous Al decreased, while the compressive strength improved. The optimal Cu content was determined to be 3 wt.% and the prepared porous Al has a porosity of 47.5%, plateau stress of 11.82 MPa, and capillary characteristic parameter of 6.72 × 10−8 N, meeting the requirements for wicks in heat pipes. These findings contribute to the demand for the lightweight design of heat pipes for aerospace applications.

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Fabrication and capillary characterization of multi-scale micro-grooved wicks with sintered copper powder

Cited by 28 publications

References 32 publications

Constructing Superhydrophobic Surface on Copper Substrate with Dealloying-Forming and Solution-Immersion Method

Constructing Superhydrophobic Surface on Copper Substrate with Dealloying-Forming and Solution-Immersion Method

A rate-of-rise facility for measuring properties of wick structures

Effect of Copper Content on the Microstructure and Properties of the Sintered Porous Aluminum Wick

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