Fabrication and characterisation of ceramics via low-cost DLP 3D printing

Varghese, Giftymol; Moral, Mónica; Castro-García, Miguel; López-López, Juan José; Marín-Rueda, Juan Ramón; Yagüe-Alcaraz, Vicente; Hernández-Afonso, Lorena; Ruiz-Morales, J.C.; Canales‐Vázquez, Jesús

doi:10.1016/j.bsecv.2017.09.004

Cited by 113 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…AM by the LCM technique is based on light initiated polymerization of liquid mono-/oligomers to solid polymers to achieve a layer by layer build up. The process has been described in various papers and different systems [8][9][10], but none of them showed a detailed study on their resolutions. A first indication is given by the pixel size of the implemented digital mirror device (DMD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Layer Height and Exposure Energy on the Lateral Resolution of Zirconia Parts Printed by Lithography-Based Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2020

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Lithography-based ceramics manufacturing (LCM) processes enable the sophisticated 3 dimensional (3D) shaping of ceramics by additive manufacturing (AM). The build-up occurs, like many other AM processes, layer by layer, and is initiated by light. The built-in digital mirror device (DMD) enables the specific exposure of desired pixels for every layer, giving as a consequence a first estimation of the printing resolution in the x and y axes. In this work, a commercial zirconia slurry and the CeraFab 7500, both from Lithoz GmbH (Vienna, Austria), were used to investigate the potential of reaching this resolution. The results showed that the precision of a part is strongly dependent on the applied exposure energy. Higher exposure energies resulted in oversized dimensions of a part, whereas too low energy was not able to guarantee the formation of a stable part. Furthermore, the investigation of the layer thickness showed that the applied exposure energy (mJ/cm2) was acting in a volume, and the impact is visible in x, y, and z dimensions. The lowest applied exposure energy was 83 mJ/cm2 and showed the most accurate results for a layer thickness of 25 μm. With this energy, holes and gaps smaller than 500 μm could be printed; however, the measurements differed significantly from the dimensions defined in the design. Holes and gaps larger than 500 μm showed deviations smaller than 50 μm from the design and could be printed reliably. The thinnest printable gaps were between 100 and 200 μm. Concerning the wall thickness, the experiments were conducted to a height of 1 cm. Taking into account the stability and deformation of the walls as well, the best results after sintering were achieved with thicknesses of 200–300 μm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Layer Height and Exposure Energy on the Lateral Resolution of Zirconia Parts Printed by Lithography-Based Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2020

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“…In the consecutive immersion of the platform into the resin tank, the uncured photoreactive mixture crosses over the former cured layer, and in that way, every following layer is polymerized again by light and adheres to the previous layer. The process is repeated until the complete tablets are obtained [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D Printing of Atomoxetine Hydrochloride Tablets Using Photoreactive Suspensions

et al. 2020

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies are based on successive material printing layer-by-layer and are considered suitable for the production of dosage forms customized for a patient’s needs. In this study, tablets of atomoxetine hydrochloride (ATH) have been successfully fabricated by a digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technology. Initial materials were photoreactive suspensions, composed of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate 700 (PEGDA 700), poly(ethylene glycol) 400 (PEG 400), photoinitiator and suspended ATH. The amount of ATH was varied from 10.00 to 25.00% (w/w), and a range of doses from 12.21 to 40.07 mg has been achieved, indicating the possibility of personalized therapy. The rheological characteristics of all photoreactive suspensions were appropriate for the printing process, while the amount of the suspended particles in the photoreactive suspensions had an impact on the 3D printing process, as well as on mechanical and biopharmaceutical characteristics of tablets. Only the formulation with the highest content of ATH had significantly different tensile strength compared to other formulations. All tablets showed sustained drug release during at least the 8h. ATH crystals were observed with polarized light microscopy of photoreactive suspensions and the cross-sections of the tablets, while no interactions between ATH and polymers were detected by FT-IR spectroscopy.

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“…The choice of bottom-up equipment was justified by the smaller amount of material required for manufacturing (the printer worked even without the vat being full) and shorter printing time. Thus, this approach allows for reducing costs and waste in the experiments 12,29,30 .…”

Section: Additive Manufacturing Of the Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vat Photopolymerization Additive Manufacturing Resins: Analysis and Case Study

et al. 2020

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Additive manufacturing processes have been developed over the last decades, especially vat photopolymerization (VP) processes, due to its simplicity and speed. The objective of this paper is to characterize commercial VP resins widely used for technical applications. Thus, test specimens were printed by Digital Light Processing and subjected to tensile, compression, flexural, hardness, and inorganic composition analyses. The resin with the highest resistance and hardness (containing 0.6 vol% of inorganics load) reached 53 MPa in tension, 110 MPa in compression, 79 MPa in bending, and 82.3 Shore D, which is comparable to injected polymers. A case study was made, replacing the injected gears of a reducer by printed ones and comparing the finite element analysis with resin properties. The characterization and case study results encourage the expansion of VP processes in the manufacturing of products in several industries and service sectors, as well as the development of new composite resins.

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Fabrication and characterisation of ceramics via low-cost DLP 3D printing

Cited by 113 publications

References 16 publications

Effects of the Layer Height and Exposure Energy on the Lateral Resolution of Zirconia Parts Printed by Lithography-Based Additive Manufacturing

Effects of the Layer Height and Exposure Energy on the Lateral Resolution of Zirconia Parts Printed by Lithography-Based Additive Manufacturing

Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D Printing of Atomoxetine Hydrochloride Tablets Using Photoreactive Suspensions

Vat Photopolymerization Additive Manufacturing Resins: Analysis and Case Study

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