Fabrication and characterization of an optical fiber pH sensor using sol–gel deposited TiO2 film doped with organic dyes

Micro- and nanostructured sol-gel-based materials for optical chemical sensing (2005–2015)

“…An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach can be used in order to extend the useful sensor working range and was applied to a TEOS/PhTEOS-based pH sensor that used two indicators dye, m-cresol purple and bromocresol green [107]. As a result, broadening of the limited dynamic range to an extended range (from pH 1.04-8.7) was demonstrated.…”

A new sensor for ammonia based on cyanidin-sensitized titanium dioxide film operating at room temperature

“…The sol-gel process has proved to be a viable alternative to produce TiO 2 films, since it is a simple and versatile method for the production of oxide nanoparticles of controlled sizes [23,24]. The conventional method uses the hydrolytic route, which involves the initial hydrolysis of the alkoxide precursor followed by continual condensations between the hydrolyzed particles forming the gel.…”

“…The conventional method uses the hydrolytic route, which involves the initial hydrolysis of the alkoxide precursor followed by continual condensations between the hydrolyzed particles forming the gel. This process is carried out at room temperature, and the desired morphological properties of the particles are obtained by controlling the conditions under which the synthesis is carried out [24]. Moreover, these materials are easily produced in film form.…”

Colorimetric optical pH sensor production using a dual-color system

“…However, both of these sensors are based on complicated data processing and are sophisticated instruments, and this limits their application in various fields. For instance, optical pH sensors are always made based on the analysis of fluorescence intensity, lifetime and wavelength shift [5,6], which generally requires complicated scientific instruments.…”