Fabrication and Characterization of Chitosan—Tamarind Seed Polysaccharide Composite Film for Transdermal Delivery of Protein/Peptide

Abstract

Transdermal drug delivery is used to deliver a drug by eliminating the first-pass metabolism, which increases the bioavailability of the drug. The present study aims to formulate the chitosan–tamarind seed polysaccharide composite films and evaluate for the delivery of protein/peptide molecules. Nine formulations were prepared and evaluated by using different parameters, such as physical appearance, folding endurance, thickness of film, surface pH, weight variation, drug content, surface morphology, percentage moisture intake and uptake, drug release kinetics, and drug permeability. The film weight variance was observed between 0.34 ± 0.002 to 0.47 ± 0.003 g. The drug level of the prepared films was found to be between 96 ± 1.21 and 98 ± 1.33μg. Their intake of moisture ranged between 2.83 ± 0.002 and 3.76 ± 0.001 (%). The moisture absorption of the films ranged from 5.33 ± 0.22 to 10.02 ± 0.61 (%). SEM images revealed a smooth film surface, while minor cracks were found in the film after permeation tests. During the first 4 days, drug release was between 13.75 ± 1.64% and 22.54 ± 1.34% and from day 5 to day 6, it was between 72.67 ± 2.13% and 78.33 ± 3.13%. Drug permeation during the first 4 days was 15.78 ± 1.23 %. Drug permeation (%) during the first 4 days was between 15.78 ± 1.23 and 22.49 ± 1.29 and from day 5 to day 6, it was between 71.49 ± 3.21 and 77.93 ± 3.20.

Controlled Drug Release from Nanoengineered Polysaccharides

“…Drug release studies based on polysaccharides utilized a vast variety of model drugs, ranging from antiseptics and antibiotics to antioxidants, painkillers, and proteins [ 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 ]. Table 5 demonstrates some examples of drug-encapsulated pure or modified polysaccharides [ 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 ]. For instance, chitosan—tamarind seed polysaccharide composite films were evaluated for the delivery of protein/peptide molecules through transdermal transport.…”

“…For instance, chitosan—tamarind seed polysaccharide composite films were evaluated for the delivery of protein/peptide molecules through transdermal transport. The blend constituent concentrations were adjusted to tune the solubility, pH resistance, and swelling properties of protein encapsulating matrices [ 103 ]. In another study in Table 5 , a pH-sensitive biodegradable ternary blended hydrogel film (chitosan/guar gum/PVP) was developed for antibiotic delivery applications [ 109 ].…”

Chitosan‐Based Films in Drug Delivery Applications

“…[ 79 ] Opaque and translucent chitosan‐ tamarind seed polysaccharide composite film was found to be a successful candidate for the transdermal delivery of peptides and proteins in terms of drug release, antimicrobial activity, and stability. [ 80 ] Tang and his co‐workers designed an adhesive chitosan film using supercritical solution impregnation (SSI) technique for the controlled and sustained delivery of the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug ibuprofen. The mucoadhesive films prepared using supercritical solution impregnation method was found to have high water uptake and antibacterial activity.…”

Extraction of Xyloglucan Polymer from Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) Seeds

“…Tamarind xyloglucan has antiviral, antitumor effects and it is antioxidant in nature as it has radical scavenging capability and antioxidant ability [2]. Xyloglucan is mucoadhesive with a high drug holding capacity, leading to its application as an excipient in hydrophilic drug delivery systems [10]- [12]. Xyloglucan is a neutral hydrocolloid [5], [9] which could promote wound healing and skin regeneration.…”