Transdermal drug delivery is used to deliver a drug by eliminating the first-pass metabolism, which increases the bioavailability of the drug. The present study aims to formulate the chitosan–tamarind seed polysaccharide composite films and evaluate for the delivery of protein/peptide molecules. Nine formulations were prepared and evaluated by using different parameters, such as physical appearance, folding endurance, thickness of film, surface pH, weight variation, drug content, surface morphology, percentage moisture intake and uptake, drug release kinetics, and drug permeability. The film weight variance was observed between 0.34 ± 0.002 to 0.47 ± 0.003 g. The drug level of the prepared films was found to be between 96 ± 1.21 and 98 ± 1.33μg. Their intake of moisture ranged between 2.83 ± 0.002 and 3.76 ± 0.001 (%). The moisture absorption of the films ranged from 5.33 ± 0.22 to 10.02 ± 0.61 (%). SEM images revealed a smooth film surface, while minor cracks were found in the film after permeation tests. During the first 4 days, drug release was between 13.75 ± 1.64% and 22.54 ± 1.34% and from day 5 to day 6, it was between 72.67 ± 2.13% and 78.33 ± 3.13%. Drug permeation during the first 4 days was 15.78 ± 1.23 %. Drug permeation (%) during the first 4 days was between 15.78 ± 1.23 and 22.49 ± 1.29 and from day 5 to day 6, it was between 71.49 ± 3.21 and 77.93 ± 3.20.

Brain targeting is a bottle neck for the drug discovery scientist, due to its special protective system. The Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) and the blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCFB) are not only protective barriers of the CNS but it can maintain the neuronal activity and functioning of the CNS This body protective system makes difficult to target the brain for the treatment of many CNS disorder. In the process of the better delivery system for the CNS many development has been made so far, but in the present scenario the emphasis on the eye has been in the developing stage. The eye is very sensitive organ of the body. Brain targeting through the ocular route is an intense task. Here in the various approaches has been summarized in three categories: Noninvasive, invasive and alternative routes of CNS delivery, moreover the factors affecting blood brain barrier been discussed.

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An image can be degraded due to many environmental factors like foggy or hazy weather, low light conditions, extra light conditions etc. Image captured under the poor light conditions is generally known as non-uniform illumination image. Non-uniform illumination hides some important information present in an image during the image capture Also, it degrades the visual quality of image which generates the need for enhancement of such images. Various techniques have been present in literature for the enhancement of such type of images. In this paper, a novel architecture has been proposed for enhancement of poor illumination images which uses radial basis approximations based BEMD (Bi-dimensional Empirical Mode Decomposition). The enhancement algorithm is applied on intensity and saturation components of image. Firstly, intensity component has been decomposed into various bi-dimensional intrinsic mode function and residue by using sifting algorithm. Secondly, some linear transformations techniques have been applied on various bidimensional intrinsic modes obtained and residue and further on joining the transformed modes with residue, enhanced intensity component is obtained. Saturation part of an image is then enhanced in accordance to the enhanced intensity component. Final enhanced image can be obtained by joining the hue, enhanced intensity and enhanced saturation parts of the given image. The proposed algorithm will not only give the visual pleasant image but maintains the naturalness of image also.

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