Fabrication and Characterization of Composite Meshes Loaded with Antimicrobial Peptides

Abstract

Biomaterials-centered infection or implant-associated infection plays critical roles in all areas of medicine with implantable devices. The widespread over use of antibiotics has caused severe bacterial resistance and even super bugs. Therefore, the development of anti-infection implantable devices with non-antibiotic-based new antimicrobial agents is indeed a priority for all of us. In this study, antimicrobial composite meshes were fabricated with broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Macroporous polypropylene meshes with poly-caprolactone electrospun nanosheets were utilized as a substrate to load AMPs and gellan gum presented as a media to gel with AMPs. Different amounts of AMPs were loaded onto gellan gum to determine the appropriate dose. The surface morphologies, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectra, in vitro release profiles, mechanical performances, in vitro antimicrobial properties, and cytocompatibility of composite scaffolds were evaluated. Results showed that AMPs were loaded into the meshes successfully, the in vitro release of AMPs in phosphatebuffered saline was prolonged, and less than 60% peptides were released in 10 days. The mechanical properties of composite meshes were also within the scope of several commercial surgical meshes. Composite meshes with the AMP loading amount of over 3 mg/cm 2 showed inhibition against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria effectively, while they presented no toxicity to mammalian cells even at a loading amount of 10 mg/cm 2 . These results demonstrate a new simple and practicable method to offer antimicrobial properties to medical devices for hernia repair.

Nanodiamond‐chitosan functionalized hernia mesh for biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity

“…To ensure proper integration to the body, the implantable mesh should provide a minimum immune response and good biocompatibility to enhance cell attachment and proliferation, which leads to an acceleration of the healing process 3 . Therefore, the decoration of PP mesh surface with different biofriendly materials can provide the required biocompatibility such as enhanced cell growth 4 and microbial resistance 5 without compromising its bulk properties 6–9 . As the application of metal nanoparticles in biological areas is limited, 10 composite approach 8,11 and copolymers 12 were used to address these issues.…”

Regulatory science for hernia mesh: Current status and future perspectives

“… Type of Material Chemical composition of material Chemical properties Material characterization Safety items Synthetic polymer materials Non-absorbable materials PP, PET, PVDF, PTFE, etc. Infrared identification [ 114 ] Potential of hydrogen (PH) Residues of heavy metals, manufacturing reagents, harmful small molecular and macromolecular substances in final products, such as ethylene oxide (when applicable) Evaporation residue Reducing substance Ultraviolet Absorbance (UVA) Absorbable materials PGA,PLA,PCL,PDO, etc. Infrared or nuclear magnetic resonance identification [ 114 ] Monomer residue Molecular weight and molecular weight distribution Catalyst residue (Tin) Monomer unit ratio (if applicable) Organic solvents residue Optical rotation (if applicable) Water residue Natural materials Non-absorbable materials Bovine pericardium (B-PC), Porcine pericardium (P-PC) Cross-linking reagents (Glutaraldehyde, epoxide) DNA, Antigen and other immunogenic substances Absorbable materials Absorbable biological membrane materials such as Porcine small intestine submucosa Purified collagen Identification PH Collagen purity Residue on ignition Hydroxyproline content Impurity protein analysis …”

Prosthetic Meshes for Hernia Repair: State of Art, Classification, Antimicrobial Approaches, and Fabrication Methods

“…Alternative solutions to the exponential increase of antibiotic resistance are based on producing antibacterial composite meshes charged with wide-spectrum antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) [253] (Figure 7). These novel antimicrobial meshes provided prolonged in vitro release of AMPs (< 60% in 10 days) and thus potent antibacterial action against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria, while they did not show any cytotoxic effect in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) even with an AMPs incorporation of 10 mg/cm 2 [253].…”

“…Alternative solutions to the exponential increase of antibiotic resistance are based on producing antibacterial composite meshes charged with wide-spectrum antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) [253] (Figure 7). These novel antimicrobial meshes provided prolonged in vitro release of AMPs (< 60% in 10 days) and thus potent antibacterial action against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria, while they did not show any cytotoxic effect in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) even with an AMPs incorporation of 10 mg/cm 2 [253]. Another investigation used an antimicrobial peptide PEP-1 incorporated in a conventional PP mesh with large pores and showed adequate in vitro release of the peptide while maintaining a similar tensile strength to two commercial meshes and effective antibacterial activity against E. coli without inducing toxicity in HDFs [254].…”

“…Manufacturing scheme of antimicrobial composite meshes made of a PP mesh and PCL electrospun nanosheets charged with wide-spectrum antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) incorporated in gellan gum. Reprinted with permission from ACS[253]. Copyright (2019) American Chemical Society.…”