Fabrication and characterization of dendrimer-functionalized nano-hydroxyapatite and its application in dentin tubule occlusion

Abstract

The occlusion of dentinal tubules is an effective method to alleviate the symptoms of dentin hypersensitivity. In this paper, we successfully modified nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAP) with carboxyl-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimers by an aqueous-based chemical method and verified by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Then the demineralization dentin discs were randomly divided into 4 groups, corresponding to subsequent brushing experiments: deionized water and kept in artificial saliva (AS), dendrimer-functionalized n-HAP and stored in AS, n-HAP and saved in AS, dendrimer-functionalized n-HAP and stored in deionized water. After 7 days of simulated brushing, dentin discs followed the in vitro characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and microhardness test. These data suggested that dendrimer-functionalized n-HAP could crosslink with collagen fibers and resulted in effective dentinal tubule occlusion. Moreover, the new material can induce the HAP formation with the help of superficial carboxyl and fill the spaces in dentinal tubules furtherly. The microhardness of dendrimer-functionalized n-HAP-treated specimens was significantly higher than others. In summary, dendrimer-functionalized n-HAP can be a new therapeutic material for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.

Dentinal tubule occluding capability of nano‐hydroxyapatite; The in‐vitro evaluation

“…In accordance with the theory (Saito, Arsenault, Yamauchi, Kuboki, & Crenshaw, 1997;Saito, Yamauchi, Abiko, Matsuda, & Crenshaw, 2000) that demineralized collagen matrix do not have the ability to induce nucleation with the mineral source mainly calcium and ions from artificial saliva, in the present study when the SEM images were evaluated it has been detected that all tubules of the specimens in the control group were found to be open while in all the groups treated with nHAp and its fluoride doped types an effective tubule occlusion was achieved. These findings were parallel with the results stated in the similar studies which used commercial HAp including products (Bakry, Al-Hadeethi, & Razvi, 2016;Kulal et al, 2016;Lin et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2014;Yu et al, 2016;Yuan et al, 2012).…”

“…One of these strategies is to occlude the exposed dentin surface, especially the tubule orifices, by using various agents that includes different active ingredients (Arnold et al, ; Earl et al, ; Tian et al, ). Since hydroxyapatite is one of the main components of human bones and teeth and it has good biocompatibility and bioactivity, synthetic hydroxyapatite has become one of the hot topics for biological material research over the past few decades (Cummins, ; Lee et al, ; Lin et al, ; Wang et al, ; Yu et al, ). It is imperative that in vitro experiments be performed before a newly developed material is used in humans.…”

“…Hence, nHAp is very desirable as a natural occluding material (Lin et al, ). Due to its mineral components being similar to bone and teeth of human body nHAp has received much attention in orthopedics, plastic surgery, and dental treatmentin recent years (Liu, Huang, Shen, & Cui, ).In developing new desensitizing agents, there is an increasing demand on using various nanoparticles (Chiang et al, ; Lee et al, ; Wang et al, ) or their combinations (Liu et al, ; Lin et al, ) because of the possibility of these materials may easily penetrate into dentin tubules and also may react as mineralising agents (Kulal, Jayanti, Sambashivaiah, & Bilchodmath, ; Yu et al, ). In this way, it may be ensured to do effective and long‐lasting therapy because the materials penetrated into dentin tubules and/or made chemical reaction with tooth structure are likely to be resistant to mechanical and chemical factors (Lavender, ).…”

“…In this way, it may be ensured to do effective and long‐lasting therapy because the materials penetrated into dentin tubules and/or made chemical reaction with tooth structure are likely to be resistant to mechanical and chemical factors (Lavender, ). There are studies which demonstrated the dentinal tubule occluding (Chiang et al, ; Lavender, ; Lee et al, ; Wang et al, ) and even plugging ability of nHAp alone (Liu et al, ; Lin et al, ) or varius combinations with other molecules like E8DS peptide, mesoporous silica biocomposite, and functional dendrimers (Kulal et al, ; Yu et al, ). In these studies, it is stated that nHAp was found to be better than desensitizing agents containing fluoride or arginine by its property of surface remineralisation and formation of biomimetic apatite coating on the dental hard tissue surfaces.…”

Sistemas de Nanopartículas Poliméricas I: de Biodetección y Monitoreo de Glucosa en Diabetes a Bioimagen, Nano-Oncología, Terapia Génica, Ingeniería de Tejidos / Regeneración a Nano-Odontología

“…Finalmente, una manera eficaz para aliviar la sensibilidad dentaria es mediante la oclusión de los túbulos dentinarios. Lin et al (2017) fabricaron dendrímeros de poliamidoamina funcionalizados con nano-hidroxiapatita (n-HAP) y sus resultados sugieren una unión con las fibras de colágeno logrando una oclusión efectiva de los túbulos dentinarios, lo cual sugiere ser un material biocompatible y terapéutico para detener la sensibilidad dentinaria (Lin et al). Por lo tanto, la composición básica de esta nueva nanotecnología consiste en aplicar a materiales ya conocidos, partículas inorgánicas que proveen a la estructura dentaria una mejora en la resistencia mecánica, estética, remineralización y liberación de fármacos bioactivos, que poseen propiedades anti-inflamatorias, antibióticas o antimicrobianas para su uso en materiales dentales y en el cuidado de la higiene oral, fundamental para la prevención de la caries dental.…”