Fabrication and Characterization of Nanoporous Gold (NPG) Interconnects for Wafer Level Packaging

Dietrich, Lothar; Oppermann, Hermann; Lopper, Christina; Mackowiak, Piotr

doi:10.1109/ectc51906.2022.00143

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…As far as oxygen is concerned, one important impediment inherent to this approach had, however, to be conquered first, namely the fact that, under UHV conditions, molecular oxygen cannot be activated on Au surfaces. The effectiveness of this restriction was validated for polycrystalline as well as for various single-crystal Au surfaces, including stepped ones, such as Au (221), for pressures up to 1 bar and temperatures up to 900 K. 425−428 This inability is not unexpected and perfectly in line with theoretical calculations predicting very low adsorption energies and high dissociation barriers for molecular oxygen on pure gold surfaces (section 4.1).…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 57%

“…That is of interest because lithographic structuring may, in principle, be seamlessly integrated into microtechnology manufacturing schemes. Wire- and disk-shaped samples have been demonstrated, − and an example is shown in Figure C …”

Section: Tuning Of Structure and Composition During Dealloyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wire-and diskshaped samples have been demonstrated, 219−221 and an example is shown in Figure 4C. 221 Nanoporous nanowires can also be made as freestanding objects. Several works have demonstrated that the master alloy can be electrodeposited into suitable nanoscale channels in a substrate, for instance, anodized alumina 222,223 or ion-tracketched channels in a polymer.…”

Section: D Printing the Master Alloymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoporous Gold: From Structure Evolution to Functional Properties in Catalysis and Electrochemistry

et al. 2023

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Nanoporous gold (NPG) is characterized by a bicontinuous network of nanometer-sized metallic struts and interconnected pores formed spontaneously by oxidative dissolution of the less noble element from gold alloys. The resulting material exhibits decent catalytic activity for low-temperature, aerobic total as well as partial oxidation reactions, the oxidative coupling of methanol to methyl formate being the prototypical example. This review not only provides a critical discussion of ways to tune the morphology and composition of this material and its implication for catalysis and electrocatalysis, but will also exemplarily review the current mechanistic understanding of the partial oxidation of methanol using information from quantum chemical studies, model studies on single-crystal surfaces, gas phase catalysis, aerobic liquid phase oxidation, and electrocatalysis. In this respect, a particular focus will be on mechanistic aspects not well understood, yet. Apart from the mechanistic aspects of catalysis, best practice examples with respect to material preparation and characterization will be discussed. These can improve the reproducibility of the materials property such as the catalytic activity and selectivity as well as the scope of reactions being identified as the main challenges for a broader application of NPG in target-oriented organic synthesis.

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Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 57%