Fabrication and characterization of optical plastic rods in the presence of dicumyl peroxide

Liu, Jui-Hsiang; Liu, Hung-Tsai; Chen, Jiunn-Lang

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-3935(19990501)200:5<1107::aid-macp1107>3.0.co;2-c

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Previously, GRIN plastic rods were prepared with interfacial gel polymerization,11 coextrusion,12 two‐step copolymerization,13, 14 and photopolymerization 15. In our previous work, we fabricated novel methods for swollen gel polymerization16, 17 and centrifugal diffusion polymerization (CDP)18 for the preparation of a GRIN plastic rod. To improve the refractive‐index difference between the central axis and periphery of the rods, unreactive, high‐refractive‐index diphenyl sulfide (DS) and nanoparticles of silver with surfmers were introduced as dopants 19, 20.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of high‐performance, gradient‐refractive‐index plastic rods with surfmer‐cluster‐stabilized nanoparticles

Liu

Yang

Chiu

2006

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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A novel method was developed with surfmer-cluster-stabilized silver nanoparticles to prepare high-performance, gradient-refractive-index (GRIN) plastic rods based on methyl methacrylate. To fabricate the GRIN plastic rods, a novel polymerizable surfactant (surfmer) of 4-(11-acryloxyundecyloxy)benzoic acid (AUBA) was synthesized. Silver nanoparticles were prepared with a reverse micelle method in the presence of the novel surfmer. During the fabrication of the silver nanoparticles, the sodium salt of AUBA was formed. GRIN plastic rods were fabricated through centrifugal polymerization and then were heat-treated at 100 8C under 0.1 Torr for 24 h to remove residual monomers and water. The distribution of the surfmer-cluster-stabilized nanoparticles inside the plastic rods was studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The real-image transmission through the fabricated rods was also confirmed. The results obtained in this investigation suggested that the control of the distribution of surfmer-cluster-stabilized nanoparticles could be used to fabricate GRIN rods. Furthermore, the existence of the crosslink-like surfmers increased the thermal stability of the plastic rods. The GRIN distribution of the rods was established by the dispersion of nanoparticles inside the plastic rods through TEM analysis, refractive-index analysis, and real-image transmission.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of high‐performance, gradient‐refractive‐index plastic rods with surfmer‐cluster‐stabilized nanoparticles

Liu

Yang

Chiu

2006

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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“…The nanoparticles prepared above were used as dopants to prepare GRIN plastic rods by using CDP as developed in our previous paper 23–26. The nanoparticle dopants were found to increase the refractive index of plastic rods effectively, as shown in Figure 8.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…How to avoid the formation of bubbles inside the rods due to the shrinkage of the polymer matrices, and how to control the distribution of the refractive index with radial distance are the two key points of GRIN plastic rods fabrication. To solve these problems, we developed some novel processes to fabricate GRIN rods 23–26…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of GRIN Plastic Rods Containing Silver Nanoparticles with Novel Surfmers

Liu

Tseng

2004

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Summary: Both novel polymerizable surfactants of 2‐(methacroyloxy)ethyl succinate (MAES) and succinic acid mono{11‐[2‐(2‐methylacryloyloxy)ethoxy]undecyl} ester (SAME‐11) were synthesized in this investigation. A novel method was also developed for the preparation of gradient refractive index (GRIN) plastic rods containing inorganic nanoparticles with the polymerizable surfactants (surfmers). Silver nanoparticles were prepared using W/O (water in oil) reverse micelle technique in the presence of the surfmers. The effect of w values (w = [H2O]/[surfmer]), silver nitrate concentration, surfmer/isooctane/H2O ratio, and initiator concentration on the nanoparticle size was investigated. The optical absorption spectra of the micellar samples were recorded on a spectrophotometer at room temperature in the range of 200–900 nm. The nanoparticle size was confirmed with a transmission electron microcopy (TEM) technique. To introduce the nanoparticles into the GRIN plastic rods, methyl methacrylate (MMA) was used instead of isooctane in the organic phase. Nanoparticles were found to increase the refractive index of plastic rods effectively. Light scattering and an opaque appearance due to the aggregation of nanoparticles and the existence of surfactants were solved using the polymerizable surfmers in this investigation. We estimated both the real image transmission and the three dimensional refractive index distributions of the prepared GRIN plastic rods. The results of this investigation suggested that nanoparticles could be used as a kind of dopant to fabricate GRIN plastic rods and increased its refractive index effectively. Polymerizable surfactant could further raise the refractive index of the core of the GRIN rods leading to an increase of the numerical apertures (NA) and the acceptance angle (θmax) of the plastic rods.Three dimensional refractive index distribution of GRIN plastic rod prepared in this investigation.magnified imageThree dimensional refractive index distribution of GRIN plastic rod prepared in this investigation.

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“…High production costs and energy intensive processing, restriction of thickness of layers and difficulties in adjusting the refractive index profiles are drawbacks of these methods. (iii) The ''Molecular Stuffing Process,'' [100,101] the wet gel process, [102,103] and the swollen gel process- [104] disadvantages are long production time (several weeks by wet gel process method), complex processing, related high production costs, and small attainable Dn (by swollen gel process method).…”

Section: Macro-radial Grin Lensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sol–Gel Derived Nanocomposites for Optical Applications

2010

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This paper provides a selective description of the development of nanostructured materials and the fabrication of the devices for optical applications. Examples are interference coatings, refractive and diffractive lenses, and macro‐ and micro‐GRIN (graded refractive index) optical elements. Hybrid materials containing nanoparticles are of particular interest for the production of optical elements because, by exploiting the intrinsic solid state properties of the nanoparticles, nanocomposites can be tailored to exhibit the desired properties. A particular advantage of wet chemical processing lies in its great flexibility for depositing functional coatings.

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Fabrication and characterization of optical plastic rods in the presence of dicumyl peroxide

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Fabrication of high‐performance, gradient‐refractive‐index plastic rods with surfmer‐cluster‐stabilized nanoparticles

Fabrication of high‐performance, gradient‐refractive‐index plastic rods with surfmer‐cluster‐stabilized nanoparticles

Fabrication and Characterization of GRIN Plastic Rods Containing Silver Nanoparticles with Novel Surfmers

Sol–Gel Derived Nanocomposites for Optical Applications

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