Fabrication and Characterization of Quercetagetin-Loaded Nanoparticles Based on Shellac and Quaternized Chitosan: Improvement of Encapsulation Efficiency and Acid and Storage Stabilities

Abstract

Shellac can be used as an ideal delivery vehicle to deliver and protect the hydrophobic quercetagetin; the barriers such as low acid stability and encapsulation efficiency, however, heavily impede the application of shellac. The purpose of this work is to prepare quercetagetin-loaded shellac-quaternized chitosan nanoparticles (Que-Sh-QCS NPs) to overcome these challenges. Herein, quaternized chitosan, with 14% degree of substitution, was successfully synthesized via a quaternization modification. The concentration of quaternized chitosan over 0.05% can prevent the aggregation of shellac nanoparticles at the acid. The encapsulation efficiency of quercetagetin obviously increased from 37.92 to 65.48% with the concentration of QCS varying from 0 to 0.05%. Meanwhile, Que-Sh-QCS0.05 NPs possessed good storage stability, antioxidant property, biocompatibility, and controlled release. Therefore, quaternized chitosan can improve the encapsulation efficiency and acid and storage stabilities of nutraceutical-loaded shellac nanoparticles, providing a new insight into the application of shellac in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food.

Quercetagetin-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles for the Oxidation of Morin

“…Sharp peaks in the XRD spectrum of quercetagetin are observed at 26.23°, 27.00°, 28.18°, and so on, indicating that quercetagetin is in the crystalline state. 54 The XRD spectrum of Que-AgNPs shows four distinguished peaks at 38.33°, 44.34°, 64.65°, and 77.56°, which correspond to the lattice plane indexes at the (111), ( 200), (220), and (311) planes of the face-centeredcubic (fcc) structure of Que-AgNPs. 6 The peaks with low intensities in the XRD spectrum of Que-AgNPs at 28.00°, 32.41°, and 46.38°, which correspond to the (110), ( 111) and (211) indexes, may be attributed to somehow oxidized silver like silver oxide (JCPDS 76-1393).…”

“…The crystalline nature of quercetagetin and Que-AgNPs was confirmed by XRD measurements (Figure A). Sharp peaks in the XRD spectrum of quercetagetin are observed at 26.23°, 27.00°, 28.18°, and so on, indicating that quercetagetin is in the crystalline state . The XRD spectrum of Que-AgNPs shows four distinguished peaks at 38.33°, 44.34°, 64.65°, and 77.56°, which correspond to the lattice plane indexes at the (111), (200), (220), and (311) planes of the face-centered-cubic (fcc) structure of Que-AgNPs .…”

Self-Assembly of Cinnamic Acid-Modified Chitosan Surfactants: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications in Emulsification

“…Simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) were prepared in advance according to a previous study. 25 3 g of sample (CC/EC or CC/EQ) was stirred and sonicated for 3 min to simulate the chewing process in the mouth. Then, the ground sample was mixed with SGF (30 mL) and continuously shaken for 2 h (100 rpm, 37 °C).…”

“…Among these natural substances, chitosan-derived surfactants have the widest application range, covering emulsification, oil extraction, dye adsorption, and oil–water separation . More importantly, the positive electrical properties and antibacterial activity of chitosan make its derived surfactants superior in food, pharmaceutical products, and anionic dye adsorption. ,− Chitosan derivatives that retain positive electrical properties could form more stable colloidal products due to electrostatic interactions. − The antibacterial activity enables these derivatives to excel in killing pests, preventing food spoilage, and accelerating infected wound healing. − For example, cinnamic acid-grafted chitosan nanogel was reported to be able to embed hydrophobic substances and exhibit excellent antifungal activity . However, these reported chitosan-derived surfactants either had a single function, were toxic and harmful, or lacked mechanisms and safety evaluations, making it difficult to generalize and be widely applied in different fields.…”

Effect of silane coupling agent‐TiO2 on the sustained release performance of quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan shell fragrance microcapsules

“…The modified product obtained by this method maintains the advantages of both quaternary ammonium salt and chitosan, and the solubility and the bacteriostasis are improved significantly, [26][27][28] which makes it have potential application value in polymer materials and other fields. 29,30 However, the introduction of the quaternary ammonium salt chain destroys the regularity of the molecular structure, making chitosan poorly polymerized, loose and porous, which led to its poor compactness and sustained release performance during the process of forming an encapsulated shell, 31 thus affecting the sustained release performance. How to solve the compactness and sustained release of chitosan is the key problem of our research.…”