Fabrication and Characterization of Self-Assembled Ferroelectric Linear and Nonlinear Photonic Crystals: GaN and LiNbO3

Synthesis of Lithium Niobate Nanocrystals with Size Focusing through an Ostwald Ripening Process

“…13 The preparation of LiNbO3 materials with nanoscale dimensions has been of particular interest due to their potential applications in ferroelectric memory devices, micro-photonic devices, optical sensors, biosensors and non-linear photocatalysis. [14][15][16][17][18][19] Nanoparticles of LiNbO3 have also been used as second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging probes and have potential applications in expanding SHG based microscopy techniques. [20][21][22] Recently, LiNbO3 nanoparticles have been used as bio-imaging probes to image cells by taking advantage of the exceptional SHG properties of these particles.…”

“…This material has been referred to as the “silicon of photonics” due to its excellent optical properties. , Single crystals of LiNbO 3 are one of the most versatile and sought after nonlinear optical (NLO) materials due to their large second order susceptibilities (e.g., 41.7 pm/V), photostability, and wide transmission window (e.g., 400 to 5000 nm). , Because of their NLO response, LiNbO 3 based materials are important components of wavelength conversion devices, ultrafast laser writers, optical switches, optical parametric oscillators, optical modulators, and holographic devices . The preparation of LiNbO 3 materials with nanoscale dimensions has been of particular interest due to their potential applications in ferroelectric memory devices, microphotonic devices, optical sensors, biosensors, and nonlinear photocatalysis. − Nanoparticles of LiNbO 3 have also been used as second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging probes and have potential applications in expanding SHG based microscopy techniques. − Recently, LiNbO 3 nanoparticles have been used as bioimaging probes to image cells by taking advantage of the exceptional SHG properties of these particles. − A wider utilization of nanoparticles as SHG bioimaging probes will require their dimensions to be below 100 nm. , The NLO properties of nanomaterials can also depend on their size, shape, and/or specific chemical composition . Other physical properties of perovskite based nanomaterials, such as ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity, can also be strongly dependent upon their particle size and shape. , To meet the needs of applications that seek to utilize these properties, different synthetic routes have been sought to prepare uniform nanoparticles of LiNbO 3 .…”