2023
DOI: 10.1016/j.physb.2023.414690
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Fabrication and characterization of TiO2: ZnO thin films as electron transport material in perovskite solar cell (PSC)

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Cited by 12 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“…FWHM is related to the particle size, crystalline nature, and wavelength of X-ray radiation used, and it can also be calculated using the Debye–Scherrer formula. The Debye–Scherrer formula can be uniquely expressed as (see ref ): D = K λ / β 0.25em cos nobreak0em.25em⁡ θ where D represents the mean crystallite size, λ is the wavelength of the copper target that was used, β represents the FWHM of the peak, and θ is the diffraction angle. From XRD analysis, the average grain sizes of CdS, Sm:CdS, and La:CdS thin films were determined to be 7.49, 8.20, and 8.36 nm, respectively.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…FWHM is related to the particle size, crystalline nature, and wavelength of X-ray radiation used, and it can also be calculated using the Debye–Scherrer formula. The Debye–Scherrer formula can be uniquely expressed as (see ref ): D = K λ / β 0.25em cos nobreak0em.25em⁡ θ where D represents the mean crystallite size, λ is the wavelength of the copper target that was used, β represents the FWHM of the peak, and θ is the diffraction angle. From XRD analysis, the average grain sizes of CdS, Sm:CdS, and La:CdS thin films were determined to be 7.49, 8.20, and 8.36 nm, respectively.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Simultaneously, TCO exhibits transparency to visible light, allowing for the unhindered passage of light without significant absorption or scattering. This transparency is pivotal in applications such as the development of transparent conductive films [68][69][70]. Typically possessing a wide bandgap, TCOs ensure transparency to visible light, a prerequisite for maintaining optical clarity.…”
Section: Application In Solar Cellmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition to band alignment, an effective electron transport material (ETM) should possess qualities such as affordability, robust relative stability, and robust n-type conductivity. These attributes contribute to cost-effectiveness, long-term durability, and the facilitation of efficient electron transport within the solar cell structure [48][49][50][51][52].…”
Section: Effect Of Active Layer Mobility and Doping Density On Cell P...mentioning
confidence: 99%