Fabrication and characterizations of Cr³⁺‐doped ZnGa₂O₄ transparent ceramics with persistent luminescence

Abstract

Long afterglow materials have been studied continuously due to its unique mechanisms of light storage and luminescence. The long afterglow materials will undergo three stages of absorption, energy transfer, and luminescence to release the energy in the form of long-term continuous luminescence after removing the excitation source. 1 The long afterglow is determined by the luminescence center. At present, only some rareearth ions (Ce 3+ , Pr 3+ , Sm 3+ , Eu 2+ , Eu 3+ , Tb 3+ , Dy 3+ , Tm 3+ , Yb 2+ , Yb 3+ , etc.), transition-metal ions (Cr 3+ , Mn 2+ , Mn 4+ , Ti 4+ , etc.), main group elements (Bi 3+ , etc.), and some crystal defects show their characteristic phosphorescence. 2-7 Since Matsuzawa et al. discovered the continuous luminescence of SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu 2+ , Dy 3+ more than 20 years ago, this material has attracted extensive attention. Many other long afterglow material systems have been also discovered and studied successively, including sulfide, aluminate, silicate, gallate, and so on. 8 Among them, green luminescent materials such as SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu 2+ , Dy 3+ and blue luminescent materials such as CaAl 2 O 4 :Eu 2+ , Nd 3+ have been mature and commercialized in many application fields due to their excellent afterglow performance, however, the research and development of long afterglow materials that can produce red and near-infrared emission are still relatively scarce. 9 Cr-doped zinc gallate has good long afterglow emissions in red and near-infrared regions. [10][11][12][13] Spinel ZnGa 2 O 4 has a wide band gap (4.4-5.0 eV), high chemical stability, and thermal stability. [14][15][16][17][18] In the process of practical application, long afterglow materials will confront harsh environments

Recent Progress in Inorganic Afterglow Materials: Mechanisms, Persistent Luminescent Properties, Modulating Methods, and Bioimaging Applications

“…[99b] Need to mention, the co-dopants are dispensable. For the host materials which provide suitable defects for a long time PL, such as ZnGa 2 O 4 :Cr 3+ , [154] as well as the activators which also play an important role in defect centers, such as LaAlO 3 :Mn 4+ , [104c] co-dopants are needless. However, there are still studies to discover the influence of co-dopants in these persistent materials.…”

Sintering of lixiviated nano glass-ceramics: An original route to elaborate transparent ceramics

“…This cubic zinc gallate spinel has been widely studied for optical applications such as saturable absorbers [18], in vivo bio-imaging applications [19], thermal sensors [20], X-ray dosimetry [21], optoelectronics [22], anticounterfeiting applications [23]. Recently, this spinel material has been elaborated as transparent ceramic by combining high energy milling and SPS [15] but also using coprecipitation method and HIP [12,24]. Secondly, the use of nanometric precursor powders with controlled granulometry and high purity requires physicochemical synthesis routes that are often time-consuming, expensive and complex to implement.…”

Fabrication and characterizations of Eu2+‐Dy3+ co‐doped SrAl2O4 ceramics with persistent luminescence

“…Materials exhibiting persistent luminescence are constantly under investigation for their unique properties to store energy, usually corresponding to the range of ionizing or blue light, which, when released in a complex process, leads to observable luminescence long after the stimulation is over. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] In fact, depending on the type of doping and the method of excitation, the emission can last for hours after the excitation is stopped. Despite the fact that the phenomenon itself has been known for very long time, [8][9][10][11][12] the pressure to develop energy-saving technologies has made these materials of exceptional interest due to possible applications in widely used traffic signs, emergency instructions, building decoration, and other ones related to passive lighting.…”

“…Materials exhibiting persistent luminescence are constantly under investigation for their unique properties to store energy, usually corresponding to the range of ionizing or blue light, which, when released in a complex process, leads to observable luminescence long after the stimulation is over 1–7 . In fact, depending on the type of doping and the method of excitation, the emission can last for hours after the excitation is stopped.…”