Fabrication and encapsulation of perovskites sensitized solid state solar cells

Ramos, F. Javier; Cortes, David; Aguirre, Aránzazu; Castaño, Fernando; Ahmad, Shahzada

doi:10.1109/pvsc.2014.6925459

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…We conclude this review by discussing other passivating materials than the ultrathin organic surface modifiers presented in the previous section. More generally speaking, various encapsulation methods have been proposed to shield the completed PSC device from external factors, starting from early approaches using organic materials such as Surlyn 326 and continuing to thermoplastic polymers with integrated adhesive, 327,328 or ethylene vinyl acetate, which were shown to improve PSC mechanical stability after thermal cycling better than Surlyn encapsulation. 329 As a promising alternative to these organic encapsulants, amorphous TiO 2 or SnO x layers made by atomic layer deposition (ALD) have been used as barriers against moisture infiltration in PSCs.…”

Section: Chemical Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halide Perovskites: Is It All about the Interfaces?

2019

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Design and modification of interfaces, always a critical issue for semiconductor devices, has become a primary tool to harness the full potential of halide perovskite (HaP)-based optoelectronics, including photovoltaics and light-emitting diodes. In particular, the outstanding improvements in HaP solar cell performance and stability can be primarily ascribed to a careful choice of the interfacial layout in the layer stack. In this review, we describe the unique challenges and opportunities of these approaches (section 1). For this purpose, we first elucidate the basic physical and chemical properties of the exposed HaP thin film and crystal surfaces, including topics such as surface termination, surface reactivity, and electronic structure (section 2). This is followed by discussing experimental results on the energetic alignment processes at the interfaces between the HaP and transport and buffer layers. This section includes understandings reached as well as commonly proposed and applied models, especially the often-questionable validity of vacuum level alignment, the importance of interface dipoles, and band bending as the result of interface formation (section 3). We follow this by elaborating on the impact of the interface formation on device performance, considering effects such as chemical reactions and surface passivation on interface energetics and stability. On the basis of these concepts, we propose a roadmap for the next steps in interfacial design for HaP semiconductors (section 4), emphasizing the importance of achieving control over the interface energetics and chemistry (i.e., reactivity) to allow predictive power for tailored interface optimization.

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Section: Chemical Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halide Perovskites: Is It All about the Interfaces?

2019

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“…There are also many fabrication methods, ranging from commercial-friendly methods to highly sophisticated and costly methods. Some of the low-cost techniques have been tried and tested to fabricate PSC devices, such as spray pyrolysis technique (Razza et al, 2015) and also spin coating of dye-sol paste (Ramos et al, 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Fabrication Techniques of Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review

Ehtesham¹,

Wong²,

Wong³

et al. 2016

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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Abstract:In this study, thorough review is performed on various reported fabrication techniques of the Perovskite Solar Cell (PSC) and the Hole Transport Materials (HTM) layer, in order to provide a critical insight on the direction for further advancement in related fields as well as a better understanding on the device physics. So far, the best short-circuit current density of 22.9 mA/cm 2 has been reported in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Cl x scaffold by TiCl 4 nanorods treated by NRS and the best open circuit voltage of 0.763V has been reported in TiO 2 /perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Au. On the other hand, so far the highest PCE of the PSCs reported in the literature is 19.3%. Interestingly, PSC with 200nm mesoporous TiO 2 has been reported to achieve PCE value of 16.46%. A 5-layer TiO 2 /perovskite/spiroOMeTAD/Au integrated with 40 nm ZnO thin film has been reported to achieve Fill Factor (FF) of 76%. Although promising data has been obtained through numerous researches, there are still many other optimizations yet to be done before mass commercialization of PSC is possible. Optimizing the fabrication process of carrier transport material as well as the incorporation of sensitizer into the device structure are the key aspects that should be focused on in future researches.

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“…Single-step high-temperature encapsulation (>150 • C) was reported to result in the delamination of active and metallization layers in devices. In contrast, the two-step encapsulation approach minimizes the defects that occur due to mechanical and thermal stress [329]. In a two-step encapsulation approach, the first step consists of making electrical contact and later embedding it in a polymer matrix to ensure mechanical stability.…”

Section: Sealing/encapsulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Criterion on Stability Enhancement of Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2022

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have captured the attention of the global energy research community in recent years by showing an exponential augmentation in their performance and stability. The supremacy of the light-harvesting efficiency and wider band gap of perovskite sensitizers have led to these devices being compared with the most outstanding rival silicon-based solar cells. Nevertheless, there are some issues such as their poor lifetime stability, considerable J–V hysteresis, and the toxicity of the conventional constituent materials which restrict their prevalence in the marketplace. The poor stability of PSCs with regard to humidity, UV radiation, oxygen and heat especially limits their industrial application. This review focuses on the in-depth studies of different direct and indirect parameters of PSC device instability. The mechanism for device degradation for several parameters and the complementary materials showing promising results are systematically analyzed. The main objective of this work is to review the effectual strategies of enhancing the stability of PSCs. Several important factors such as material engineering, novel device structure design, hole-transporting materials (HTMs), electron-transporting materials (ETMs), electrode materials preparation, and encapsulation methods that need to be taken care of in order to improve the stability of PSCs are discussed extensively. Conclusively, this review discusses some opportunities for the commercialization of PSCs with high efficiency and stability.

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Fabrication and encapsulation of perovskites sensitized solid state solar cells

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Halide Perovskites: Is It All about the Interfaces?

Halide Perovskites: Is It All about the Interfaces?

Recent Advances in Fabrication Techniques of Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review

Recent Criterion on Stability Enhancement of Perovskite Solar Cells

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