Fabrication and optical properties of fibers with an Al2O3-P2O5-SiO2 glass core

Glass and Process Development for the Next Generation of Optical Fibers: A Review

“…Silica generally exhibits a low solubility for RE ions, which leads to RE clustering and a deterioration in spectroscopic properties. In order to lessen such clustering, the core region of the fiber is co-doped with alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) or phosphorus pentoxide (P 2 O 5 ) [4]. In order to reduce RE clustering, 8-10 Al or 15 P atoms per RE ion should be added [5,6].…”

“…Unfortunately, MCVD with solution doping is a multi-step procedure that produces a doped core made of 1-10 layers and, so, limits the accuracy and flexibility of dopant concentration and refractive index profiles (RIPs). Due to the low vapor pressure of RE halide precursors at room temperature, it is difficult to deposit rare-earth (RE) ions using conventional vapor delivery system, as is used for the main glass component precursors such as SiCl 4 , GeCl 4 , and POCl 3 [10]. Similar problems are encountered when adding Al 2 O 3 , which is used to decrease RE ion clustering as discussed above [11].…”

“…The lower attenuation losses reported for chalcogenide fibers have been obtained by purifications of the raw materials, before the synthesis, followed by distillations of the glass with the addition of chemical getters, such as, for example, TeCl 4 and Al or Mg metal. Those physical and chemical treatments permit the removal and/or reduction of impurities, hence attenuation.…”

Erbium and Al2O3 nanocrystals-doped silica optical fibers

“…Modification of glass matrices mainly with Al 2 O 3 , P 2 O 5 or Sb 2 O 3 has been practiced in silica fibers for years with the aim to increase the solubility of REs in the fiber core and so to enhance the emission [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Structural and thermal characterization of SiO2–P2O5 sol–gel powders upon annealing at high temperatures

“…Phosphorus containing silicate glasses have been the subject of intensive research in view of their potential technological applications such as optical fibers for optical communication systems [1,2], electrolytes for high energy density batteries [3][4][5], hydrogen fuel cells [6] and medical implants [7,8]. Therefore, the synthesis and characterization of vitreous silicophosphate compounds prepared by sol-gel processes, using different SiO 2 :P 2 O 5 ratios and precursors have deserved the attention from several authors [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”