Fabrication and packaging of a fully implantable biosensor array

Abstract

Abstract-In this work, we showed the realization of a fullyimplantable device that integrates a microfabricated sensing platform, a coil for power and data transmission and integrated circuits. We described a device intended to test the biocompatibility of the materials used for the microfabrication. Therefore, electronics measurements for data communication and remote powering will be reported in another article [1]. To ensure biocompatibility an epoxy enhanced polyurethane membrane was used to cover the device. We proved through an in-vitro characterization that the membrane was capable to retain enzyme activity up to 35 days. After 30 days of implant in mice, in-vivo experiments proved that the membrane promotes the integration of the sensor with the surrounding tissue, as demonstrated by the low inflammation level at the implant site.

An implantable bio-micro-system for drug monitoring

“…The main advantage behind the design of an array of independent sensors is the possibility to perform multiplexed measurements of drugs. More details on the microfabrication and biosensor design can be found in [14].…”

Electrochemical biochip for applications to wireless and batteryless monitoring of free-moving mice

“…1 is a not-working prototype that was intended to test the biocompatibility of the materials used [14]. This work will present a complete in-vitro characterization of the passive platform, while the electronics measurements for data communication and remote powering are reported in another article [18].…”

“…Metal passivation was made via atomic layer deposition of Al 2 O 3 , followed by dry etching with Argon Ion Milling. More details on the microfabrication can be found in [14].…”

“…For the detection of lactate and glucose in chronoamperometry (CA), working electrodes were functionalized by electrodeposition of a chitosan/MWCNT dispersion 8 mg/ml as described in [14]. For glucose and lactate measurements, we used working electrodes (WEs) with a diameter of 500 µm and 1.2 mm, respectively.…”

“…However, all these more recent developments still present electrical cables through the animals' skin [9]- [12], which allow only limited movement in the animal cage. In 2012, a novel system to transmit power and receive data on completely free-moving animals has been proposed [13], and at the end of last year the possibility of the integration with a fully implantable and biocompatible multi-panel array sensor has been proposed [14]. Aim of the present paper is to present the most recent outputs toward the development of this novel multi-array sensor platform and to demonstrate the feasibility to detect several endogenous metabolites (e.g., glucose, lactate) and drugs (e.g., etoposide (ETO), mitoxantrone (MTX), and etodolac (ETD) together with the sensing of pH and temperature for biosensors calibration.…”