Fabrication and Surface Modification of Biomaterials for Orthopedic Implant: A Review

Abstract

An upsurge in demand and extensive effort in orthopedic implants directed toward innovative biomaterials for orthopedic applications. Orthopedic implants are significantly used in mature alternatives to retain, restore or modify the defective bone or tissue. However, exhaustive research in the past reveals various health-associated problems that can be effectively overcome by inventing newer kinds of biomaterials. The selection of optimal materials and the fabrication process are crucial challenges enforced by numerous novel materials that could be made for orthopedic applications. This paper intends to systematically assess the processing method employed in manufacturing the biomaterials for orthopedic applications. However, the success of biomedical implants in orthopedic are commonly restricted owing to insufficient bone-implant integration, wear debris induced osteolysis, and implant-associated infections. Nevertheless, the endeavor has also been intended to enhance the biological properties of the biomaterials by surface modification process while retaining their strength and hardness. Furthermore, various surface modifications have been comprehended. This review conferred contemporary advancements in surface coating approaches in orthopedic to enhance their osteointegration, improve corrosion resistance and accomplish antibacterial performance, clinical success and long-term service. The insight review has revealed the current outcomes in the field of engineering biomaterials concerning surface modifications of metallic implants or composite for enhancing their biological properties.