Fabrication of 3D photonic components on bulk crystalline silicon

Liang, Haidong; Vanga, Sudheer Kumar; Wu, Jianfeng; Xiong, B. Q.; Yang, Chengyue; Bettiol, Andrew A.; Breese, M.B.H.

doi:10.1364/oe.23.000121

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Micromachined/Nano machined chip PCR: PCR amplification is necessary for applications of integrated microchips in genetic analysis. Micromachined/nanomachined [22,23] DNA PCR chips with different groove depths can be fabricated in glass, silicon and plastic [24,25]. Microchip PCR machines have advantages of minute sample consumption, simultaneous analysis of large number of samples and enhanced integration ability with the supporting equipment.…”

Section: A Typical Pcr Machinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Manufacturing of World Grade Programmable Thermal Cyclers for Polymerase Chain Reaction in Pakistan: A Case of Biomedical Engineering

Rana¹,

Shakeel²,

Ahmed³

2018

J Biomed Eng Med Devic

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Manufacturing is the backbone of a modern state and has a direct impact on life style of a common person of a society. We present here the development and manufacturing of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) machines by the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), Pakistan. Steps of the development and manufacturing of PCR machines are explained. Important design features of MERADD PCR machines and their implementation are documented here. Results of the MERADD PCR machine are compared with those of competitive imported machines. MERADD is the sole manufacturer of PCR machines in Pakistan. Quality assurance and cost analysis are also given. MERADD PCR machines produce as good results as by the imported machines, but cost is significantly lower. This paper is useful for a broad community of developers/manufacturers of medical devices and biomedical engineering in developing countries around the world. the target DNA, primers, nucleotides and DNA polymerase. Heater at the top of the mixture is to supress vapor formation in the tube. Temperature of the heater remains the same and is kept above the denaturation temperature. Types of PCR machines Many variants of PCR machines have been developed. Some of them are commercially available. We do not review here all the available or reported PCR machines but are documenting only leading or general types. Conventional PCR machine: It is also called qualitative PCR. Its components are of macroscopic size. Normally, it uses Peltier cell [17] thermal cycling. Other parts include power system and control system. DNA mixture of macroscopic size (fraction of a milliliter) is needed. Several samples can be processed or analyzed simultaneously. DNA amplification up to millions is possible in hours' time scale. Please see details later in the paper. Multiplex PCR machine: In a multiplex PCR machine, more than one DNA targets are amplified simultaneously in the same reaction. Since its first description in 1988 [18], multiplex PCR has been used in several areas of DNA testing and diagnostics. Important considerations in the Multiplex PCR are DNA primers, recipe of the primer mixture, optimization of Multiplex PCR cycling conditions and optimization of Multiplex reaction components [19,20].

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Section: A Typical Pcr Machinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Manufacturing of World Grade Programmable Thermal Cyclers for Polymerase Chain Reaction in Pakistan: A Case of Biomedical Engineering

Rana¹,

Shakeel²,

Ahmed³

2018

J Biomed Eng Med Devic

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“…[16] Some of these centers are recognized as high-brightness single-photon sources with remarkable nuclear spin attributes and excellent coherence, suggesting diamond has appealing characteristics that can be exploited in quantum information processing technologies and quantum photonics applications. [17][18][19] In contrast, a variety of latest scientific research achievements such as 3D memories, [20] 3D photonic components, [21] and 3D nonlinear photonic crystals [22] were aiming to break present limitations of planar micro-/nanotechnologies. 3D multilevel architectures avoid overlap in planar geometries via vertical stacking, thus overcoming physical space limitations in 2D planes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross‐Sectional Investigation of Multihigh‐Energy Proton‐Implanted Single Crystalline Diamond

Gong

Ansari²,

Jin

et al. 2020

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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Comprehending the implantation‐related characteristic quantities of multihigh‐energy proton irradiation of diamond is of significant technological interest for sensing applications, fabrication of 3D photonic crystals, and color centers (e.g., NV− center)‐based quantum computing. Herein, proton‐projected ranges and defect distributions in the (010) plane (Y‐normal plane) of microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD)‐grown diamond irradiated with 0.5–2.0 MeV proton (H+ or molecular normalH2+ ions) in a nonchanneling (near [001], Z‐axis) direction, are experimentally measured via cross‐sectional optical microscopy and high‐resolution confocal Raman spectroscopy mapping. It is found that the projected ranges of the experimental findings and the simulation results indicate good consistencies, whereas there is considerable disagreement between them in regards to longitudinal straggling and lateral straggling. Based on the comparisons and analyses, a clear view of protons implanted in single crystalline diamond in the high‐energy range theoretically and experimentally is obtained.

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Frequency‐Agile Temporal Terahertz Metamaterials

Pitchappa

Kumar

Liang

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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Spatiotemporal manipulation of electromagnetic waves has recently enabled a plethora of exotic optical functionalities, such as non‐reciprocity, dynamic wavefront control, unidirectional transmission, linear frequency conversion, and electromagnetic Doppler cloak. Here, an additional dimension is introduced for advanced manipulation of terahertz waves in the space‐time, and frequency domains through integration of spatially reconfigurable microelectromechanical systems and photoresponsive material into metamaterials. A large and continuous frequency agility is achieved through movable microcantilevers. The ultrafast resonance modulation occurs upon photoexcitation of ion‐irradiated silicon substrate that hosts the microcantilever metamaterial. The fabricated metamaterial switches in 400 ps and provides large spectral tunability of 250 GHz with 100% resonance modulation at each frequency. The integration of perfectly complementing technologies of microelectromechanical systems, femtosecond optical control and ion‐irradiated silicon provides unprecedented concurrent control over space, time, and frequency response of metamaterial for designing frequency‐agile spatiotemporal modulators, active beamforming, and low‐power frequency converters for the next generation terahertz wireless communications.

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Fabrication of 3D photonic components on bulk crystalline silicon

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Development and Manufacturing of World Grade Programmable Thermal Cyclers for Polymerase Chain Reaction in Pakistan: A Case of Biomedical Engineering

Development and Manufacturing of World Grade Programmable Thermal Cyclers for Polymerase Chain Reaction in Pakistan: A Case of Biomedical Engineering

Cross‐Sectional Investigation of Multihigh‐Energy Proton‐Implanted Single Crystalline Diamond

Frequency‐Agile Temporal Terahertz Metamaterials

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