Fabrication of a range of SERS substrates on nanostructured multicore optical fibres

White, Daniel J.; Mazzolini, Alexander P.; Stoddart, Paul R.

doi:10.1002/jrs.1656

Cited by 46 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…[29] Such imaging waveguides have also been used as SERS-active substrates after controlled wet etching of the bundle. [37][38][39][40][41] This etching process has been recently rationalized by Stoddart and co-workers. [42] Individual optical fibers and photonic crystal fibers have also been structured at the micrometric and nanometric scale to enhance Raman signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…1B) was achieved by making use of the difference in the etching rate between the high-refractive-index GeO 2 -doped core and the low-refractive-index fluorine-doped cladding. [24,25,37,38,40,50] In the chosen etching conditions, GeO 2 cores dissolve at a faster rate than the cladding, thus allowing the formation of a microwell array. [24] The etching rate of the cores depends on the doping concentration and on the concentration of the acid solution.…”

Section: Fabrication and Characterization Of The Etched Microwell Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since etched OFBs have been reported as SERS substrates, [37][38][39][40][41] we first checked our well array before filling it with the macroporous structure, that is, on the well array surface (Fig. 2C), which was simply sputter-coated by smooth gold and modified by the benzenethiol.…”

Section: Raman Confocal Imaging Of the Macroporous Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This seems in contrast to previous reports in which SERS effects were observed even on microwell arrays obtained by etching the distal face of an imaging fiber. However, in these examples, [37][38][39][40][41] nanotips of different shapes and nanowells were created on the OFB depending on the pulling and etching parameters. The corresponding sharp features were able to create localized surface plasmon resonance and Raman enhancement.…”

Section: Raman Confocal Imaging Of the Macroporous Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Fabrication of a Macroporous Microwell Array for Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering

Zamuner

Talaga

Deiss

et al. 2009

Adv Funct Materials

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Here, a colloidal templating procedure for generating high‐density arrays of gold macroporous microwells, which act as discrete sites for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), is reported. Development of such a novel array with discrete macroporous sites requires multiple fabrication steps. First, selective wet‐chemical etching of the distal face of a coherent optical fiber bundle produces a microwell array. The microwells are then selectively filled with a macroporous structure by electroless template synthesis using self‐assembled nanospheres. The fabricated arrays are structured at both the micrometer and nanometer scale on etched imaging bundles. Confocal Raman microscopy is used to detect a benzenethiol monolayer adsorbed on the macroporous gold and to map the spatial distribution of the SERS signal. The Raman enhancement factor of the modified wells is investigated and an average enhancement factor of 4 × 104 is measured. This demonstrates that such nanostructured wells can enhance the local electromagnetic field and lead to a platform of ordered SERS‐active micrometer‐sized spots defined by the initial shape of the etched optical fibers. Since the fabrication steps keep the initial architecture of the optical fiber bundle, such ordered SERS‐active platforms fabricated onto an imaging waveguide open new applications in remote SERS imaging, plasmonic devices, and integrated electro‐optical sensor arrays.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Fabrication and Characterization Of The Etched Microwell Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Raman Confocal Imaging Of the Macroporous Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Raman Confocal Imaging Of the Macroporous Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fabrication of a Macroporous Microwell Array for Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering

Zamuner

Talaga

Deiss

et al. 2009

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Recent progress in nanoscience has led to highly reproducible techniques for fabricating complex nanostructures for SERS. These techniques include use of electron-beam lithography, chemical etching, colloid immobilization, annealing of metalion-implanted silicon, and nanosphere lithography [15][16][17][18][19]. They are, however, generally prohibitively expensive, complex and ultimately unsuitable to mass production.…”

Section: Biophotonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopy on the wing: Naturally inspired SERS substrates for biochemical analysis

Garrett¹,

Vukusic

Ogrin

et al. 2009

Journal of Biophotonics

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We show that naturally occurring chitinous nanostructures found on the wings of the Graphium butterfly can be used as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering when coated with a thin film of gold or silver. The substrates were found to exhibit excellent biocompatibility and sensitivity, making them ideal for protein assaying. An assay using avidin/biotin binding showed that the substrates could be used to quantify protein binding directly from changes in the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra and were sensitive over a concentration range comparable with a typical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) assay. A biomimetic version of the wing nanostructures produced using a highly reproducible, large-scale fabrication process, yielded comparable enhancement factors and biocompatibility. The excellent biocompatibility of the wings and biomimetic substrates is unparalleled by other lithographically produced substrates, and this could pave the way for widespread application of ultrasensitive SERS-based bioassays.

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Sub‐15nm Optical Fiber Nanoimprint Lithography: A Parallel, Self‐aligned and Portable Approach

et al. 2010

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Advances in nanoscale fabrication provide access to the smallscale phenomena that underpin fi elds of research such as plasmonics and subwavelength optics. [ 1 ] The choice of substrate for these nanostructures can defi ne the scope of their utility. Nanostructures on an optical-fi ber facet obtain the advantages of a miniaturized substrate that can be interrogated remotely and deployed in vivo and in vitro. However, fabrication on fi ber facets is challenging, because of their unusually small 125 μ m diameter and their large aspect ratio. To date, demonstrations of fi ber-facet nanopatterning have used interference lithography (IL), [ 2 ] electron-beam lithography (EBL) [3][4][5] and focused ion-beam lithography (FIB) [ 6 , 7 ] as fabrication techniques. The transfer of EBL nanostructures to fi ber facets has also been demonstrated, [ 8 , 9 ] achieving 25 nm feature separations. However, IL can produce only limited geometries, while EBL and FIB are unsuited to high-throughput fabrication.In contrast, nanoimprint lithography (NIL) provides largearea, high-resolution nanofabrication at low cost and highthroughput. New platforms that have been explored for NIL include mask aligners, [ 10 ] roll-to-roll imprinting, [ 11 ] optical-fi ber lengths [ 12 ] and optical-fi ber-facets (OFF-NIL). To date, OFF-NIL has demonstrated periodic diffraction features with dimensions 250 nm, [ 13 ] and 630 nm, [ 14 , 15 ] and nanorods for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with diameters ∼ 110 nm. [ 16 ] All of these demonstrations of fi ber-facet nanopatterning have been limited to single-fi ber processing. Given the typical facet diameter of 125 μ m, there is clear opportunity for increased throughput via parallel OFF-NIL with large-area molds. Fiber-ribbons would seem an appropriate candidate for parallel fabrication, [ 17 ] however these are restricted in the type and number of fi bers available, and require specialized stripping and cleaving tools. Additionally, the cleaved ribbon-facets are restricted to a single plane.In this paper, we demonstrate an elegant, low-cost, highly accessible platform for imprinting arrays of optical-fi ber facets.We show that by segmenting optical-fi bers into short lengths and loading them into separate U-grooves, many fi bers can be imprinted in parallel. Over-sizing these U-grooves enables the fi bers to independently slide back-and-forth, and to self-align once they contact the mold, eliminating the need for critical proximity control during imprinting. Using this platform, we have achieved sub-15 nm feature separations across fi ber arrays. Further, using this system with large-area molds eliminates the need for critical lateral alignment. The demands on the imprinting platform are thus reduced to providing coarse, uniaxial translation, allowing us to demonstrate a compact, portable module for fi ber-array imprinting. Finally, self-alignment uniquely accommodates non-planar molds, allowing us to employ a biological nanotemplate.Arrays of optical-fi bers were created using arrays of ...

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Fabrication of a range of SERS substrates on nanostructured multicore optical fibres

Cited by 46 publications

References 22 publications

Fabrication of a Macroporous Microwell Array for Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering

Fabrication of a Macroporous Microwell Array for Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering

Spectroscopy on the wing: Naturally inspired SERS substrates for biochemical analysis

Sub‐15nm Optical Fiber Nanoimprint Lithography: A Parallel, Self‐aligned and Portable Approach

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