Fabrication of Adiabatic Quantum-Flux-Parametron Integrated Circuits Using an Automatic Placement Tool Based on Genetic Algorithms

Tanaka, Tomoyuki; Ayala, Christopher L.; Xu, Qiang; Saito, Ro; Yoshikawa, Nobuyuki

doi:10.1109/tasc.2019.2900220

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…With the logic netlist prepared, we then performed the automated place and route of the KSA using the genetic algorithm (GA) and channel-based routing [12], [13]. The reason for using GA was to try to solve the constraints of signal propagation in AQFP circuits by finding a quality placement of cells such that the interconnect length between adjacent logic rows do not surpass the driving length constraint.…”

Section: Design Of the 16-bit Ksamentioning

confidence: 99%

A 16-Bit Parallel Prefix Carry Look-Ahead Kogge-Stone Adder Implemented in Adiabatic Quantum-Flux-Parametron Logic

Tanaka

Ayala

Yoshikawa

2022

IEICE Trans. Electron.

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Extremely energy-efficient logic devices are required for future low-power high-performance computing systems. Superconductor electronic technology has a number of energy-efficient logic families. Among them is the adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron (AQFP) logic family, which adiabatically switches the quantum-flux-parametron (QFP) circuit when it is excited by an AC power-clock. When compared to stateof-the-art CMOS technology, AQFP logic circuits have the advantage of relatively fast clock rates (5 GHz to 10 GHz) and 5 -6 orders of magnitude reduction in energy before cooling overhead. We have been developing extremely energy-efficient computing processor components using the AQFP. The adder is the most basic computational unit and is important in the development of a processor. In this work, we designed and measured a 16-bit parallel prefix carry look-ahead Kogge-Stone adder (KSA). We fabricated the circuit using the AIST 10 kA/cm 2 High-speed STandard Process (HSTP). Due to a malfunction in the measurement system, we were not able to confirm the complete operation of the circuit at the low frequency of 100 kHz in liquid He, but we confirmed that the outputs that we did observe are correct for two types of tests: (1) critical tests and (2) 110 random input tests in total. The operation margin of the circuit is wide, and we did not observe any calculation errors during measurement.

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Section: Design Of the 16-bit Ksamentioning

confidence: 99%

A 16-Bit Parallel Prefix Carry Look-Ahead Kogge-Stone Adder Implemented in Adiabatic Quantum-Flux-Parametron Logic

Tanaka

Ayala

Yoshikawa

2022

IEICE Trans. Electron.

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“…Before implementing MANA, we developed a semi-custom design environment [20] which features a four-phase AQFP cell library [14] in a Cadence design environment that has been augmented with scripts and external programs to do AQFPbased combinational logic synthesis [21] and component-level place and route using the genetic algorithm and left-edge channel routing [22], [28]. Place and route tools operate on adjacent logic rows and are aware of the limited driving ability of AQFP logic cells.…”

Section: A Design Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We applied our combinational logic synthesis along with place and route on the ID unit of the IDI stage and the data shifter unit of the EX stage. The shifter was our first example in which we showed a full demonstration from a behavioral Verilog description to a working circuit in experiments [20], [22]. In this work, the ID unit was also synthesized using a subset of an RTL description of MANA.…”

Section: B Combinational Logic Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also use a semi-custom AQFP design environment described in [20] which consists of a rudimentary logic synthesis framework [21], and a geneticalgorithm-based place and route tool [22]. Some of the components of MANA are variations of previously demonstrated circuits, including a 16 × 1 b register file (RF) in [23], 8−b Kogge-Stone adders in [11], [24], and a 4−b data shifter in [22]. Preliminary low-frequency demonstrations of actual MANA units have been reported for the ALU and shifter in [20].…”

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confidence: 99%

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MANA: A Monolithic Adiabatic iNtegration Architecture Microprocessor Using 1.4-zJ/op Unshunted Superconductor Josephson Junction Devices

Ayala

Tanaka

Saito

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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We conducted the first successful demonstration of an adiabatic microprocessor based on unshunted Josephson junction (JJ) devices manufactured using a Nb/AlO x /Nb superconductor IC fabrication process. It is a hybrid of RISC and dataflow architectures operating on 4-b data words. We demonstrate register file R/W access, ALU execution, hardware stalling, and program branching performed at 100 kHz under the cryogenic temperature of 4.2 K. We also successfully demonstrated a highspeed breakout chip of the microprocessor execution units up to 2.5 GHz. We use a logic primitive called the adiabatic quantumflux-parametron (AQFP), which has a switching energy of 1.4 zJ per JJ when driven by a four-phase 5-GHz sinusoidal ac-clock at 4.2 K. These demonstrations show that AQFP logic is capable of both processing and memory operations and that we have a path toward practical adiabatic computing operating at highclock rates while dissipating very little energy.

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“…Genetic algorithms solve the global optimization problems by means of natural evolutionary criteria and are widely used in the optimization field [25]- [27]. However, genetic algorithms can only solve the single-objective optimization problem, and cannot directly obtain the Pareto optimal solutions [28].…”

Section: ) Design Of Moga Based On Nsga-iimentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Switch Control of Steering Modes for Four Wheel Independent Steering Rescue Vehicle

Liu

Zhou

2019

IEEE Access

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For the sake of realizing dynamic switch among three steering modes for the four wheel independent steering (4WIS) rescue vehicle in the non-stop state, the switch control strategy and the optimized wheel switch trajectory are studied in this paper. Aiming at ensuring the constant turning radius of the 4WIS rescue vehicle in the switch process of steering modes, the steering angle relationships between the driving wheel and driven wheels are derived, and the desired driving wheel angle of the target steering mode is calculated. The B-spline curve is proposed to design the switch trajectory of the driving wheel. Two objectives including minimizing the sudden change of vehicle dynamic parameters and minimizing the energy consumption in the switch process are discussed. A multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) based on non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) is proposed to deal with the optimization problem of the wheel switch trajectory. The numerical simulations based on Matlab/Simulink indicate that the presented algorithm can generate the Pareto optimal solutions and is suitable for the optimization of the wheel switch trajectory. In addition, the proposed switch control strategy of steering modes for the 4WIS rescue vehicle in the non-stop state is validated to be reasonable and effective.INDEX TERMS Four wheel independent steering (4WIS) rescue vehicle, dynamic switch of steering modes, constant turning radius, optimal switch trajectory, multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA).

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Fabrication of Adiabatic Quantum-Flux-Parametron Integrated Circuits Using an Automatic Placement Tool Based on Genetic Algorithms

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

A 16-Bit Parallel Prefix Carry Look-Ahead Kogge-Stone Adder Implemented in Adiabatic Quantum-Flux-Parametron Logic

A 16-Bit Parallel Prefix Carry Look-Ahead Kogge-Stone Adder Implemented in Adiabatic Quantum-Flux-Parametron Logic

MANA: A Monolithic Adiabatic iNtegration Architecture Microprocessor Using 1.4-zJ/op Unshunted Superconductor Josephson Junction Devices

Dynamic Switch Control of Steering Modes for Four Wheel Independent Steering Rescue Vehicle

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