Fabrication of an Antimicrobial Peptide-Loaded Silk Fibroin/Gelatin Bilayer Sponge to Apply as a Wound Dressing; An In Vitro Study

Abstract

Recently, advanced biomaterial-based wound dressing due to bioactive properties have been considered and it has shown promising results. In this research, we prepared and improved an antibacterial silk fibroin/gelatin (SF/Gel) bilayer sponge scaffold loaded with various concentrations of a cationic antimicrobial peptide (CM11 peptide) as wound dressing for skin and soft tissue infections. The fabricated AMP-loaded SF/Gel sponge was completely designed and compared to the neat SF/Gel sponge in vitro. Then, the release behavior of various concentrations of peptide (8, 16, and 32 µg/ml) from the peptide-loaded SF/Gel sponge was analyzed. Eventually, according to cytotoxic activity, the antibacterial effect of scaffolds containing 8 and 16 µg/ml of the peptide was assessed against standard and multi-drug resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn patients. The SF/Gel sponge loaded with peptide exhibited suitable mechanical attributes, high water uptake, optimum biodegradation rate, and a controlled release without cytotoxicity on Hu02 human foreskin fibroblast cells at the 8 and 16 µg/ml concentrations of peptide. The SF/Gel sponge including 16 µg/ml peptide represented a significant antibacterial effect against all strains. The results indicated that the antimicrobial modified sponge could be considered as a candidate to apply as a wound dressing.

Bilayer Hydrogels for Wound Dressing and Tissue Engineering

“…The release of the CM 11 peptide after 500 min was observed from the samples, while the complete release of up to 80% was observed after 4000 min. The authors confirmed that compared to the blank (SF/Gel), the material modified with antimicrobial peptides demonstrated improved mechanical and antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [ 120 ].…”

“… ( a ) The swelling properties of the PVA-PAA and PVA samples in distilled water; and ( b ) the kinetics of swelling for the PVA-PAA samples at different pH values [ 120 ]. …”

Scaffolds in the microbial resistant era: Fabrication, materials, properties and tissue engineering applications

“…The results showed that the fiber mats with peptides promoted wound healing in a shorter time than those without peptides. In a similar approach, a cationic antimicrobial peptide (CM11 peptide) was loaded into silk fibroin/gelatin bilayer sponges as wound dressing [ 300 ]. The sponges loaded with the peptide showed a controlled release without cytotoxicity on human foreskin fibroblasts (Hu02 ​cell line) and a significant antibacterial performance against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.…”

“…Some studies, however, did not include biocompatibility assays [ 279 , 284 , 285 , 288 ]. Fibroblasts [ 293 , 294 , 299 , 300 , 302 , 304 ], fibroblast-like cells [ 301 ], epidermal [ 296 ], endothermal [ 297 ] and keratinocytes [ 298 , 303 ] were used as cell models to evaluate the cytotoxicity of antibacterial scaffolds prepared with antibacterial polymers, peptides and scaffolds incorporating carbon nanomaterials. The approaches reported by the in vivo assays also showed good wound healing efficacy [ 293 , 299 , 302 , 303 ].…”

Green Synthesize and Characterization of Copper Nanoparticles Using Iranian Propolis Extracts

“…To produce NPs, bacteria found in complex eukaryotic plants can be used to produce ionic nanoparticles (green synthesis). Because heat, pressure, and energy are not required, these bacteria can handle higher production levels [16][17][18][19][20]. A variety of adverse reactions can occur due to toxic chemicals adsorbing onto the surfaces of NPs.…”