Fabrication of anodic porous alumina via anodizing in cyclic oxocarbon acids

Kikuchi, Tatsuya; Nakajima, Daiki; Kawashima, Jun; Natsui, Shungo

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.05.204

Cited by 58 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Cyclic oxocarbonic acids including squaric acid with a four-membered ring, croconic acid with a five-membered ring, and rhodizonic acid with a six-membered ring have recently been reported as useful electrolytes for the formation of porous oxide films [87,88]. The porous oxide films can be obtained under the following electrochemical conditions: squaric acid at 100-120 V, croconic acid at 90-125 V, and rhodizonic acid at 80-160 V. The growth behavior of the porous oxide formed using these oxocarbonic acids is still unknown, and it is interesting to understand the growth behavior for the formation mechanism of porous oxides, although these organic electrolytes are expensive and not suitable for industrial applications.…”

Section: Organic Cyclic Oxocarbonic Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Aluminum Oxide Formed by Anodizing in Various Electrolyte Species

Kikuchi¹,

Nakajima²,

Nishinaga³

et al. 2015

CNANO

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Anodizing of aluminum and its alloys is widely investigated and used for corrosion protection, electronic devices, and micro-/nanostructure fabrication. Anodizing of aluminum in acidic solutions causes formation of porous aluminum oxide films, which consists of numerous hexagonal cells perpendicular to the aluminum substrate, and each cell has nanoscale pores at its center. Recently, highly ordered porous aluminum oxide has been widely investigated for various novel nanoapplications. In this review article, we introduce the fundamentals of anodic oxide films including barrier and porous oxides. Then, we summarize the electrolyte species used so far for porous oxide fabrication and describe the self-ordering conditions during anodizing in these electrolyte solutions. Fabrication of highly ordered porous oxides through the vertical section can be achieved by a two-step anodizing and nanoimprint technique. Various nanoapplications based on the ordered porous oxide are also introduced.

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Section: Organic Cyclic Oxocarbonic Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Aluminum Oxide Formed by Anodizing in Various Electrolyte Species

Kikuchi¹,

Nakajima²,

Nishinaga³

et al. 2015

CNANO

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“…Typically, the two-step anodization of aluminium is conducted in sulfuric [14,15], oxalic [16,17] and phosphoric [18,19] acid aqueous solution at voltages in the range of [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] and 120-195 V, respectively. Depending on the anodization electrolyte, it is possible to obtain AAO membrane with cell diameter in the range of 25-75, 75-125, 375-525 nm in sulphuric, oxalic and phosphoric acid solution as electrolyte, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to research published recently, it is possible to extend this range up to 530-670 nm in cell diameter by using etidronic aqueous solution as novel self-ordering electrolyte and anodizing Al foils at voltage in the range 210-270 V at 0-60°C [20]. What is more, additions of various modifiers to well know electrolytes [21] or to the new ones are recently reported in numerous papers [20,[22][23][24]. Usually the anodized aluminium is high purity (99.99%), but there are many papers about anodized aluminum alloys [21,[25][26][27][28][29], because they are generally less expensive and more accessible then highpurity aluminum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of nanopores arrangement of anodic alumina layers synthesized on low-(AA1050) and high-purity aluminum by two-step anodizing in sulfuric acid with addition of ethylene glycol at low temperature

2016

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In this work the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) was produced by two-step self-organized anodization of two classes purity aluminum in 0.3 M sulfuric acid aqueous solution with addition of ethylene glycol as the solution modifier. The arrangement analysis method based on fast Fourier transforms was applied to characterize the porous arrays ordering. The quality, arrangement, circularity and regularity of nanoporous AAO formed on the low-purity (AA1050) and high-purity aluminum were investigated in details. It was found that the regularity of the nanopores ordering obtained on low-purity aluminum at applied experimental conditions was extraordinarily high while compared to the data published previously. The relation between the structural features of nanopores as well as aluminum concaves ordering obtained in two-step anodization process depending on the step of reaction, was analyzed. It was proven that purity of anodizing aluminum influence the interpore distance, wherein the purer aluminum the smaller interpore distance. The observed phenomenon was discussed in details in accordance with intrinsic mechanism. Furthermore, there are no simple relations between regularity ratio of obtained nanostructures and the step of anodizing.

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“…Additional dicarboxylic acids with a large molecular structure, malonic and tartaric acids, for the fabrication of anodic porous alumina were reported by Ono et al, and self-ordering was achieved by anodizing with these acids for 300 and 500 nm intervals, respectively. 22 Recently, we reported several novel electrolytes for the formation of anodic porous alumina: selenic, 23,24 acetylenedicarboxylic, 25 squaric, 26 croconic, 27 rhodizonic, 27 ketoglutaric, 28 acetonedicarboxylic, 28 and etidronic acids. 29,30 Particularly, etidronic acid anodizing exhibited large-scale self-ordering behavior measuring 530-670 nm in cell diameter.…”

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Self-Ordered Aluminum Anodizing in Phosphonoacetic Acid and Its Structural Coloration

Takenaga

Kikuchi

Natsui

2015

ECS Solid State Letters

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Ordered anodic porous alumina with large-scale periodicity was fabricated via phosphonoacetic acid anodizing. Aluminum specimens were anodized in a 0.1-0.9 M phosphonoacetic acid solution under various electrochemical operating conditions, and optimum anodizing at 205-225 V exhibited self-ordering growth of the porous alumina. These self-ordering voltages during phosphonoacetic acid anodizing filled an undiscovered vacant region in the linear relationship between the self-ordering voltage and the cell diameter. The nanostructured aluminum surface formed via self-ordering phosphonoacetic acid anodizing produced a bright structural coloration with a visible light wavelength of 500-700 nm, which is useful for optical nanoapplications. © The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email: oa@electrochem.org. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0021508ssl] All rights reserved. Self-ordered anodic porous alumina possesses a well-defined periodic porous structure with numerous nanopores that have high aspect ratios. [1][2][3] This characteristic nanoporous material is widely used for various novel nanoapplications, including electronic, optical, and sensing devices. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Ordered porous alumina can be fabricated by electrochemical anodizing in several acidic electrolyte solutions under appropriate experimental conditions such as concentration and applied voltage. The periodical size of the obtained ordered porous alumina, defined as the "cell size" or "interpore distance", is typically determined by the electrolyte species used.2,3,13 In self-ordered anodizing, the regularity of the pore arrangement in the porous structure can be accurately determined by a quantitative analysis based on Fourier transformation.14-19 Sulfuric, oxalic, and phosphoric acids were found early and have been commonly used as the standard self-ordering electrolytes to date. 13,20,21 However, the cell size of these ordered porous alumina is limited to the following narrow nanometer-scale regions: 50-60 nm in sulfuric acid, 100 nm in oxalic acid, and 405-500 nm in phosphoric acid.13 Therefore, the identification of novel electrolytes for self-ordered porous alumina with different cell sizes has been a recent challenge to extensively expand the nano-periodicity. Additional dicarboxylic acids with a large molecular structure, malonic and tartaric acids, for the fabrication of anodic porous alumina were reported by Ono et al., and self-ordering was achieved by anodizing with these acids for 300 and 500 nm intervals, respectively. Particularly, etidronic acid anodizing exhibited large-scale self-ordering behavior measuring 530-670 nm in cell diameter. Eti...

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Fabrication of anodic porous alumina via anodizing in cyclic oxocarbon acids

Cited by 58 publications

References 67 publications

Porous Aluminum Oxide Formed by Anodizing in Various Electrolyte Species

Porous Aluminum Oxide Formed by Anodizing in Various Electrolyte Species

Characterization of nanopores arrangement of anodic alumina layers synthesized on low-(AA1050) and high-purity aluminum by two-step anodizing in sulfuric acid with addition of ethylene glycol at low temperature

Self-Ordered Aluminum Anodizing in Phosphonoacetic Acid and Its Structural Coloration

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