Fabrication of arrayed glassy carbon field emitters

Sohda, Yasunari; Tanenbaum, David M.; Turner, Stephen W.; Craighead, Harold G.

doi:10.1116/1.589318

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Hence, the motivation of using carbonaceous electrodes in contact with sc-SWCNT can be summarized in three main reasons: (1) almost identical work functions, (2) homogeneity of materials, (3) low cost of fabrication and materials. The work function of pyrolytic carbon is 4.61 eV, similar to that for glassy carbon and graphite [104], [105], while the calculated work function of sc-CNT is reported by [106] as 4.73 eV, and by [107] to be within 4.70 ± 0.03 eV. As for the second reason, using carbon-based electrodes is predicted to yield a natural bonding between the homogenous structures of the CNT channel and both of its end contacts at the source and drain.…”

Section: Future Outlookmentioning

confidence: 62%

A Review of Carbon Nanotubes Field Effect-Based Biosensors

et al. 2020

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Field effect-based biosensors (BioFETs) stand out among other biosensing technologies due to their unique features such as real time screening, ultrasensitive detection, low cost, and amenability to extreme device miniaturization due to the convenient utilization of nanoscale materials. Nanodevices pave the way for the detection of tiny biomolecules and minute concentrations of analytes as they are ultrasensitive to surface charge modulation, allowing for better point-of-care screening of various life-threatening infectious diseases. Semiconducting carbon nanotubes (sc-CNTs) are exceptionally promising for FET-channel integration to replace bulky silicon technology beyond the dimensions of the short channel effects for their 1D ultrathin structure, superior electronic features, and biocompatibility. However, performance of CNTFET biosensors is influenced by the inhomogeneous interface between sc-CNTs and metallic source and drain electrodes. This article reviews recent studies on CNTFET biosensors, morphology of these devices and the cause-and-effect of the interface issues between sc-CNTs and metallic electrodes. Finally, future outlook on suggested technology to improve the performance of such CNTFET devices is presented. INDEX TERMS BioFETs, biomolecules, biosensors, carbon nanotubes, contact resistance, metal electrodes.

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Section: Future Outlookmentioning

confidence: 62%

A Review of Carbon Nanotubes Field Effect-Based Biosensors

et al. 2020

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“…Dust particles in the surroundings of carbon-rich stars are commonly composed of carbon (Nanni et al 2021), with work function of = 4.6 eV (Sohda et al 1997), maximum photoelectric efficiency of m = 0.05 (Feuerbacher & Fitton 1972) and dust temperature of d = 300 K, which is within the range of temperatures of dust in the inner circumstellar dust shells of carbon stars (Gail & Sedlmayr 2014).…”

Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oblique Alfvén waves in a stellar wind environment with dust particles charged by inelastic collisions and by photoionization

De Toni,

Gaelzer,

Ziebell

2022

Preprint

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The characteristics of Alfvén waves propagating in a direction oblique to the ambient magnetic field in a stellar wind environment are discussed. A kinetic formulation for a magnetized dusty plasma is adopted considering Maxwellian distributions of electrons and ions, and immobile dust particles electrically charged by absorption of plasma particles and by photoionization. The dispersion relation is numerically solved and the results are compared with situations previously studied where dust particles were not charged by photoionization, which is an important process in a stellar wind of a relatively hot star. We show that the presence of dust causes the shear Alfvén waves to present a region of wavenumber values with zero frequency and that the minimum wavelength for which the mode becomes dispersive again is roughly proportional to the radiation intensity to which the dust grains are exposed. The damping rates of both shear and compressional Alfvén waves are observed to decrease with increasing radiation flux, for the parameters considered. For the particular case where both modes present a region with null real frequency when the radiation flux is absent or weak, it is shown that when the radiation flux is sufficiently strong, the photoionization mechanism may cause this region to get smaller or even to vanish, for compressional Alfvén waves. In that case, the compressional Alfvén waves present non zero frequency for all wavenumber values, while the shear Alfvén waves still present null frequency in a certain interval of wavenumber values, which gets smaller with the presence of radiation.

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“…We consider that the dust grains are composed by carbon with work function = 4.6 eV, a value accepted for both graphite and glassy carbon (Sohda et al 1997), maximum photoelectric efficiency m = 0.05 (Feuerbacher & Fitton 1972) and dust temperature d = 300 K, which is within the range of temperatures of dust in the inner circumstellar dust shells of carbon stars (Gail & Sedlmayr 2014). This set of parameters are related only to the photoelectric current and are maintained fixed, given that the variation of this current is achieved by varying the stellar surface temperature.…”

Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dust particles charged by inelastic collisions and by photoionization on Alfvén waves in a stellar wind

De Toni,

Gaelzer

2021

Preprint

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Using a kinetic description of a homogeneous magnetized dusty plasma with Maxwellian distribution of electrons and protons and dust particles charged by inelastic collisions and by photoionization, we analyse the dispersion relation considering the case where waves and radiation propagate exactly parallel to the ambient magnetic field. The investigation emphasizes the changes that the photoionization process brings to the propagation and damping of the waves in a stellar wind environment, since Alfvén waves are believed to play a significant role in the heating and acceleration processes that take place in the wind. The results show that, in the presence of dust with negative equilibrium electrical charge, the Alfvén mode decouples into the whistler and ion cyclotron modes for all values of wavenumber, but when dust particles acquire neutral or positive values of electrical charge, these modes may couple for certain values of wavenumber. It is also seen that the whistler and ion cyclotron modes present null group velocity in a interval of small wavenumber, and that the maximum value of wavenumber for which the waves are non-propagating is reduced in the presence of the photoionization process. For very small values of wavenumber, the damping rates of the modes could change significantly from very small to very high values if the sign of the dust electrical charge is changed.

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Fabrication of arrayed glassy carbon field emitters

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

A Review of Carbon Nanotubes Field Effect-Based Biosensors

A Review of Carbon Nanotubes Field Effect-Based Biosensors

Oblique Alfvén waves in a stellar wind environment with dust particles charged by inelastic collisions and by photoionization

Effects of dust particles charged by inelastic collisions and by photoionization on Alfvén waves in a stellar wind

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