Fabrication of Biomolecule–Covalent-Organic-Framework Composites as Responsive Platforms for Smart Regulation of Fermentation Application

Abstract

Exploration of novel material platforms to protect biological preservatives and realize intelligent regulation during fermentation is of great significance in industry. Herein, we established an intelligent responsive platform by introducing antimicrobial biomolecules (nisin) into rationally designed covalent organic frameworks (COFs), resulting in a new type of “smart formulation”, which could responsively inhibit microbial contamination and ensure the orderly progression of the fermentation process. The encapsulated biomolecules retained their activity while exhibiting enhanced stability and pH-responsive releasing process (100% bacteriostatic efficiency at a pH of 3), which can ingeniously adapt to the environmental variation during the fermentation process and smartly fulfill the regulation needs. Moreover, the nisin@COF composites would not affect the fermentation strains. This study will pave a new avenue for the preparation of highly efficient and intelligent antimicrobial agents for the regulation of the fermentation process and play valuable roles in the drive toward green and sustainable biomanufacturing.

A double responsive fluorescent platform for sensing heavy metal ions based on a dual-emitting fluorescent covalent organic framework hydrogel film

“…1,2 Owing to their atomically precise structures, high crystallinity, low density, well-defined porosity, and open and designable pore structure, 3,4 COFs have been widely applied in photocatalysis, energy storage, chemical separation, optoelectronics, gas adsorption, fluorescence sensing and other fields. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] However, due to a number of nonradiative competitive paths, such as aggregate caused quenching, 12 the preparation of a stable luminescent COF remains a challenge. 13 Recently, incorporating luminescent moieties such as lanthanide ions, 14 dye ions 15 and carbon dots 16 into the channels of the host framework to achieve COF material functionalization has been proved to be a successful option to increase the luminescence capabilities of COF materials without affecting their original structure.…”

Metalated covalent organic frameworks: from synthetic strategies to diverse applications

“…848 Additionally, due to their porosity, COFs can be loaded with high levels of antibiotics to provide slow and sustained antibiotic release. [849][850][851] Furthermore, photosensitive COFs induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (including 1 O 2 , O 2 À , OH, etc.) under light, causing the oxidation of bacterial membrane structures and killing bacteria.…”

Confining enzymes in porous organic frameworks: from synthetic strategy and characterization to healthcare applications

“…Benefiting from these merits, enzyme-POF systems have been successfully applied in various areas, such as chemical synthesis, food processing, pollutant degradation, energy harvest, and healthcare. [32][33][34][35][36][37][38] In this review, we describe the state-of-the-art strategies for the structural immobilization of enzyme using POFs as scaffolds and highlight how these porous framework-confined technologies can provide a cell-like microenvironment for biocatalysis. Subsequently, the advanced techniques for the characterization of the enzyme conformation, the effect of the confined microenvironment on the activity of enzymes, and new healthcare applications will be surveyed.…”

“…Benefiting from these merits, enzyme–POF systems have been successfully applied in various areas, such as chemical synthesis, food processing, pollutant degradation, energy harvest, and healthcare. 32–38…”