Despite
the excellent photodynamic and photothermal properties
of organic molecular photosensitizers (PSs) and photothermal agents
(PTAs), such as porphyrin and naphthalocyanine, their poor water solubility
severely impedes their biological applications. Covalent organic frameworks
(COFs), as an emerging class of organic crystalline porous materials,
possess free active end groups (bonding defects) and large inner pores,
which make them an ideal type of nanocarriers for loading hydrophobic
organic molecular PSs and PTAs by both bonding defect functionalization
(BDF) and guest encapsulation approaches to obtain multifunctional
nanomedicines for PDT/PTT combination therapy. In this work, we report
a nanoscale COF (NCOF) prepared via a facile synthetic
approach under ambient conditions. Furthermore, a dual-modal PDT/PTT
therapeutic nanoagent, VONc@COF-Por (3), is successfully
fabricated by stepwise BDF and guest encapsulation processes. The
covalently grafted porphyrinic PS (Por) and the noncovalently loaded
naphthalocyanine PTA (VONc) are independently responsible for the
PDT and PTT functionalities of the nanoagent. Upon visible (red LED)
and NIR (808 nm laser) irradiation, VONc@COF-Por (3)
displayed high 1O2 generation and photothermal
conversion ability (55.9%), consequently providing an excellent combined
PDT/PTT therapeutic effect on inhibiting MCF-7 tumor cell proliferation
and metastasis, which was well evidenced by in vitro and in vivo experiments. We believe that the results
obtained herein can significantly promote the development of NCOF-based
multifunctional nanomedicines for biomedical applications.
We synthesized the needle-like cobalt oxide/graphene composites with different mass ratios, which are composed of cobalt oxide (Co3O4 or CoO) needle homogeneously anchored on graphene nanosheets as the template, by a facile hydrothermal method. Without the graphene as the template, the cobalt precursor tends to group into urchin-like spheres formed by many fine needles. When used as electrode materials of aqueous supercapacitor, the composites of the needle-like Co3O4/graphene (the mass ratio of graphene oxide(GO) and Co(NO3)2·6H2O is 1:5) exhibit a high specific capacitance of 157.7 F g(-1) at a current density of 0.1 A g(-1) in 2 mol L(-1) KOH aqueous solution as well as good rate capability. Meanwhile, the capacitance retention keeps about 70% of the initial value after 4000 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A g(-1). The enhancement of excellent electrochemical performances may be attributed to the synergistic effect of graphene and cobalt oxide components in the unique multiscale structure of the composites.
HIGHLIGHTS Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are first used in tumor photodynamic therapy BODIPY-decorated COFs are synthesized via bonding defects functionalization BODIPY-decorated COFs have excellent anti-tumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo COFs show great promise as nanoplatforms for biomedical applications
Herein, we report an allyl-imidazolium ionic liquid decorated COF and its covalent composite COF@chitosan aerogel, which were shown to be excellent selective CO2 adsorbents and chemical conversion catalysts.
This review highlights the recent advances of metalated covalent organic frameworks, including synthetic strategies and applications, and discusses the current challenges and future directions.
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