Fabrication of earth-abundant Cu₂ZnSn(S,Se)₄ light absorbers by a sol–gel and selenization route for thin film solar cells

Abstract

A CZTSSe thin film solar cell was fabricated by a sol–gel method with an efficiency of 8.08%.

Solar Cells with High Short Circuit Currents Based on CsPbBr3 Perovskite-Modified ZnO Nanorod Composites

“…Reduced R sh leads to a collapse in V oc , as observed in the table. 46 The V oc seems to increase with reduced NR length, confirming that this suggestion as the separation between ZnO and graphite improves the R sh .…”

“…Reduced Rsh leads to a collapse in Voc as observed in the table. 46 The Voc seems to increase with reduced NR length, confirming this suggestion as the separation between ZnO and graphite improves Rsh. Almost as destructive to performance is the over shortening of the NRs, where photocurrent is significantly stifled due to the poor light absorption found in Figure 3E.…”

Solution-Processed Trigonal Cu2BaSnS4 Thin-Film Solar Cells

“…Both of them have demonstrated high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over 22% after decades of development. , Although CdTe and CIGS PV solar cell technologies are being commercialized, they face some uncertain factors with respect to large-scale production due to the limitation of materials supply for In, Ga, and Te. The emergence of the kesterite Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) opens an alternative path to earth-abundant, low-cost, and environmentally friendly PV. − Decades-long efforts on device optimization for CZTS-based solar cells have led to remarkable progress in device performance, from the first device of 0.66% PCE to the current record device of 12.6% PCE . However, the record efficiency of CZTS-based solar cells is still significantly lower than its theoretical efficiency limit.…”

Investigation on the properties of Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 and Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 absorber films prepared by magnetron sputtering technique using Zn and ZnS targets in precursor stacks

“…In such type of kesterite‐based thin film solar cells, the highest photovoltaic conversion efficiency has been reported as 12.6% for Cu 2 ZnSn(S x Se 1‐ x ) 4 solid solution 3 . CZTS, CZTSe, and CZTSSe absorbers can be produced using various methods such as sputtering, 4,5 thermal evaporation, 6,7 pulsed laser deposition, 8,9 electrodeposition, 10,11 spray pyrolysis 12,13 and sol‐gel 14,15 . Among these methods, sputtering is considered as one of the most advantageous methods in terms of large‐scale deposition and mass production of thin film solar cells in the industry.…”

“…3 CZTS, CZTSe, and CZTSSe absorbers can be produced using various methods such as sputtering, 4,5 thermal evaporation, 6,7 pulsed laser deposition, 8,9 electrodeposition, 10,11 spray pyrolysis 12,13 and sol-gel. 14,15 Among these methods, sputtering is considered as one of the most advantageous methods in terms of large-scale deposition and mass production of thin film solar cells in the industry. The most common fabrication process of kesterite absorbers by the sputtering method is a two-step process.…”