Fabrication of electrical porcelain insulator from ceramic raw materials of Oromia region, Ethiopia

Merga, Andualem; Murthy, H. C. Ananda; Zereffa, Enyew Amare; Ahmed, Kalid; Bekele, Endashaw

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02327

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It can be stated that water absorption values tended to decrease with an increase of firing temperature due to the particles close together and reduce porosity during the firing process. A similar trend was reported in the literature for the kaolin-based ceramic body [64], [81], and other types of the claybased ceramic body [75], [78].…”

Section: Characterization Of the Membranessupporting

confidence: 89%

“…An increase in final firing temperature leads to a decrease in the porosity of the flat ceramic bodies down to a value of 14.96 ± 0.62 %. A similar trend was reported in the literature for kaolin based ceramic specimens [1], [63], [88]- [90], [64], [76], [79], [81], [84]- [87] and other types of clay-based ceramic specimens [74], [78], [91], [92]. Finally, the porosity of a flat ceramic specimen is directly related to water absorption, both properties show a similar trend in the firing temperature range 700-1100 o C. The chemical stability was estimated in terms of weight loss after immersing the flat ceramic specimen in acid and alkali solution.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Membranessupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In the second stage of the endothermic reaction, several mass losses were observed in the temperature range of 400-800 o C due to the loss of hydroxyl groups (dehydroxylation of the kaolinite) from the kaolin structure [54], [60]- [64].…”

Section: Dsc/tga Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization and Beneficiation of Ethiopian Kaolin for use in Fabrication of Ceramic Membrane

Zewdie

Prihatiningtyas

Dutta

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Kaolin (china clay) is a rock material that is very rich in kaolinite. A kaolin ore from Debre Tabor, Ethiopia containing 59.2 wt.% SiO2, 24.9 wt.% Al2O3, 2.4 wt.% Fe2O3, and 8.22 wt.% loss on ignition (LOI) was physically beneficiated, chemically leached, and thermally treated for possible industrial use, especially for ceramic membrane fabrication. The leaching experiments were carried out using oxalic acid solutions as leaching reagents for the iron extraction process. The effect of acid concentration, reaction temperature, and contact time on iron leaching was investigated. It was determined that the rate of iron extraction increased with the oxalic acid concentration, leaching temperature, and contact time. A substantial reduction of iron oxide (2.4 to 0.36 wt. %) from the raw kaolin was observed at operating conditions of 2.0 M oxalic acid, the temperature of 120°C, and contact time of 120 min. A maximum kaolin whiteness index of 81.4 % was achieved through this leaching process. Finally, the physically beneficiated, chemically leached, and thermally treated kaolin raw material was used to fabricate a low-cost kaolin-based ceramic membrane. After firing at 1100°C the ceramic membrane was found to have a mass loss of 11.04 ± 0.05%, water absorption of 8.9 ± 0.4 %, linear shrinkage of 14.5 ± 0.05%. It was demonstrated to be chemically stable, having less than 3 % mass loss in acid solution, and less than 1 % mass loss in alkali solution. The newly developed membranes have thus properties comparable to commercial ceramic membranes.

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Section: Characterization Of the Membranessupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Characterization Of the Membranessupporting

confidence: 88%

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Characterization and Beneficiation of Ethiopian Kaolin for use in Fabrication of Ceramic Membrane

Zewdie

Prihatiningtyas

Dutta

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Apparent porosity (A.P %): The apparent porosity of the compositions of the insulator samples produced at 1200 O C, revealed that sample A2S has the lowest apparent porosity value (26.93%), followed by sample B1S and B2S have apparent porosity of 30.40 % and 34.70% respectively. Invariably, all compositions had high porosity value, and are still within range since apparent porosity and water absorption decrease with increase in firing temperature [22]. The more the firing temperature, the lower the apparent porosity and water absorption since high temperature results in liquid or glass phase which eventually fill up the void, thereby leading to densification of the insulator.…”

Section: Linear Shrinkage (Ls %)mentioning

confidence: 91%

Process and Development of Electrical Porcelain Insulator Using Edo State, Nigerian Raw Materials

Ologunwa¹

2020

IJEM

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Ceramic products produced depend not only on the overall chemical composition but also on the individual compositions, its crystalline structures and particles sizes of the raw materials. It has also been revealed that the appropriateness of particle size of materials used and the crystalline formation is much desired in the production of high strength electrical porcelain insulator. There is virtually no study conducted locally in Nigeria reviewed by the author at the point of compiling this study gave credence to particle sizes of materials as a considerable factor in producing their porcelain insulator. However, the dielectric and mechanical properties of the electrical porcelain insulators produced still need to be improved upon in order to produce high strength electrical porcelain insulators. The study therefore experiments by varying particle sizes 75µm, 150µm, and 300µm at developing electrical porcelain insulator with quality mechanical and dielectric strength using locally sourced raw materials. The raw materials were mixed by adopting two varied formulations from previous study, while slip cast techniques was employed in producing test samples sintered at 1200oC at the rate of 5 oC per minute. The physio-mechanical properties and dielectric strength of the samples were carried out in accordance to American Standard for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C20-00, and ATSM D116 standards. Sample A1S of 75 µm particle size is the most acceptable of all the sample that met the required physio-mechanical and dielectric strength properties. However, this study suggests that 150µm particle sizes as a starting powder for production of electrical porcelain Insulator could also be used since its cost of processing is not much unlike 75 µm particle size and could easily be achieved locally in Nigeria.

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“…The physico-chemical properties of kaolin are exceptionally important for its use [7][8][9][10]. Kaolinite is the main component of clays used as raw materials in the ceramics industry, but other present minerals also affect their properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect оf delamination оn physico-chemical properties of kaolin

et al. 2021

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To provide the quality required for its use, raw kaolin must be subjected to certain processing procedures like delamination which is applied to the layered structure materials. The aim of this research is to determine the possibility of performing delamination in the extruder and to estimate the effects of this process on the physico-chemical properties of kaolin. The results showed that delamination can be efficiently realized in the extruder by shearing densely packed layers under the influence of friction force and added Na2CO3 electrolyte. The crystal structure of the system was thus disrupted. This was confirmed by the Hinckley index (HI) decrease and by the dilatometric characteristics changes during heating. The particle size was reduced and, furthermore, new adsorption centers were formed, which led to an increase in the total cation exchange capacity (CEC). The plasticity of kaolin decreased with the increasing delamination degree, as well as the amount of water required for plastic processing, which is favorable in drying ceramic products.

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Fabrication of electrical porcelain insulator from ceramic raw materials of Oromia region, Ethiopia

Cited by 28 publications

References 21 publications

Characterization and Beneficiation of Ethiopian Kaolin for use in Fabrication of Ceramic Membrane

Characterization and Beneficiation of Ethiopian Kaolin for use in Fabrication of Ceramic Membrane

Process and Development of Electrical Porcelain Insulator Using Edo State, Nigerian Raw Materials

Effect оf delamination оn physico-chemical properties of kaolin

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