Fabrication of Functionally Graded Ti and γ-TiAl by Laser Metal Deposition

Yan, Lei; Chen, Xueyang; Zhang, Yunlu; Newkirk, Joseph William; Liou, Frank W.

doi:10.1007/s11837-017-2582-5

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In recent years, significant research work has been carried out in developing metal-metal FGCMs via AM route based on Ti alloys and Ni-based superalloy. Yan et al [213] used the laser metal deposition technique to fabricate FG γ-TiAl-titanium composite deposit. The FGCM consisted of six layers, with γ-TiAl content varying from 10 wt-% in the bottom layer to 100 wt-% in the topmost layer.…”

Section: Metal-metalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on developments of bulk functionally graded composite materials

Charan

Naik

Kota

et al. 2022

International Materials Reviews

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Monolithic components are often insufficient when a combination of conflicting properties, or a variation in properties at different regions within a material is required. Functionally graded composite materials (FGCM) are a relatively new class of materials with a systematic variation of the composition, microstructure, and properties along one direction. The graded structure offers tailorable property combinations not achievable with monolithic composites and significant recent research has been carried out on their development. An effort has been made in this article to review the latest developments on bulk FGCMs since 2015. The different processing techniques used for their fabrication have been discussed, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and recent advancements pertaining to FGCM fabrication. Various physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of FGCMs have been treated separately, and wherever possible, summary plots combining data from various research articles have been developed. Finally, potential areas for directing future FGCM research have been identified.

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Section: Metal-metalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on developments of bulk functionally graded composite materials

Charan

Naik

Kota

et al. 2022

International Materials Reviews

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“…The synchronous powder feeding characteristic of laser directed energy deposition(LDED) enables the manufacturing of TiAl-based alloy coatings for surface modification of parts. Furthermore, the utilization of a multi-channel powder feeding device allows for the preparation of functional gradient materials and composites based on TiAl, facilitating the integrated manufacturing of parts with multiple materials and structures [9,10], such as double alloy integral blade discs and impellers [11,12]. The LDED equipment exhibits excellent versatility, as it allows for the incorporation of synchronous heat sources (such as resistance, induction heating devices, and secondary laser sources), thereby enabling effective elimination of internal stress and controlled prevention of forming cracks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the influence of process parameters on crack formation and mechanisms in Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy via laser directed energy deposition

Cui,

Liu,

Bian

et al. 2023

Mater. Res. Express

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The Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy was fabricated using laser directed energy deposition(LDED), and the impact of various process parameters on the macroscopic crack morphology was analyzed. The mechanism of crack formation was investigated through the analysis of crack microstructure, phase composition, crystal orientation, and elemental composition. The process parameters were optimized by response surface methodology(RSM) and the laser remelting method was used to suppress the crack formation. The results showed that the cracks were mainly caused by lack of fusion, residual stress during LDED and stress between different phases of TiAl alloy. The mismatch of process parameters results in insufficient energy for powder melting, ultimately leading to lack of fusion occurrence. To minimize crack formation, the response surface method was employed to optimize process parameters and reduce crack generation. The higher temperature gradient led to the existence of residual stress in the sample, and the higher stress between α 2 phase and B2 phase formed in the deposition process due to the difference of thermal expansion coefficients. The region where the two phases converge was the region with the highest crack sensitivity, and cracks occured in the region where α 2 phase and B2 phase converge in the form of excellent transgranular fracture. The samples prepared by using the optimized parameters can effectively restrain the cracks caused by lack of fusion, but can not restrain the cracks caused by the stress between phases. Laser remelting after LDED can not only reduce the temperature gradient and residual stress, but also remelt the unmelted powder on the surface of the as-deposited samples, effectively inhibiting the generation of cracks, and preparing crack-free samples.

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“…Bimetallic or composite components consisting of two or more materials can be utilized in aerospace engine parts and offer the advantages of these materials, depending on the working conditions of the specific part [ 15 , 16 ]. The intermetallic Ti 2 AlNb alloy can be used for a component area that has to withstand high temperatures of 600–750 °C, while the Ti-6Al-4V alloy can be utilized to serve at lower temperatures, providing lower weight and higher fracture toughness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface Characterization of Bimetallic Ti-6Al-4V/Ti2AlNb Structures Prepared by Selective Laser Melting

2022

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Additive Manufacturing (AM) of multimaterial components is a promising way of fabricating parts with improved functional properties. It allows for the combination of materials with different properties into a single component. The Ti2AlNb-based intermetallic alloy provides high temperature strength, while the Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) alloy has good fracture toughness, ductility, and a relatively low cost. A combination of these alloys into a single component can be used to produce advanced multimaterial parts. In this work, Ti2AlNb/Ti-6Al-4V bimetallic structures were fabricated from pre-alloyed powders using the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process. The effects of high-temperature substrate preheating, post-processing by annealing, and hot isostatic pressing on defect formation, the microstructural evolution of the interface area, and the mechanical properties of the bimetallic samples were investigated. High-temperature substrate preheating during the SLM process was necessary to prevent reheat cracking of the Ti2AlNb part, while annealing and hot isostatic pressing post-processing improved the chemical and microstructural homogeneity of the transition zone and enhanced the tensile properties of the bimetallic structure.

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Fabrication of Functionally Graded Ti and γ-TiAl by Laser Metal Deposition

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

Review on developments of bulk functionally graded composite materials

Review on developments of bulk functionally graded composite materials

Investigation of the influence of process parameters on crack formation and mechanisms in Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy via laser directed energy deposition

Interface Characterization of Bimetallic Ti-6Al-4V/Ti2AlNb Structures Prepared by Selective Laser Melting

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