Fabrication of Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites Based on Bio-Oil Phenol Formaldehyde Resin

Abstract

In this study, bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of renewable biomass was added by the mass of phenol to synthesize bio-oil phenol formaldehyde (BPF) resins, which were used to fabricate glass fiber (GF) reinforced BPF resin (GF/BPF) composites. The properties of the BPF resin and the GF/BPF composites prepared were tested. The functional groups and thermal property of BPF resin were thoroughly investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA). Results indicated that the addition of 20% bio-oil exhibited favorable adaptability for enhancing the stiffness and heat resistance of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin. Besides, high-performance GF/BPF composites could be successfully prepared with the BPF resin based on hand lay-up process. The interface characteristics of GF/BPF composites were determined by the analysis of dynamic wettability (DW) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It exhibited that GF could be well wetted and embedded in the BPF resin with the bio-oil addition of 20%.

Glass Fiber-Reinforced Phenol Formaldehyde Resin-Based Electrical Insulating Composites Fabricated by Selective Laser Sintering

“…The water in the samples would be physically adsorbed from the air before the FTIR measurements after calcination. Compared with curve a in the infrared spectrum, curve b has peaks of 1086, 1466, 2852, and 2922 cm −1 more than the curve a, corresponding to the stretching vibrations of the Si–O–Si bond, the deformation vibrations of the –NH 2 , and the symmetric and anti-symmetric stretching of the –CH 2 –, respectively [8,30]. Therefore, the presence of these groups on the surface of the modified glass fiber indicates that KH-550 was successfully coupled to the surface of the glass fiber [31].…”

“…The curing of these combined materials provides excellent electrical insulation, thermal stability, flame retardancy, and heat resistance properties [2,3,4,5]. Glass fiber (GF)-reinforced phenol formaldehyde resin-based composites have been widely applied in radar radome, automobile fittings, printed circuit board, and so on by virtue of their light weight, high specific strength, and excellent electrical and thermal insulation properties [6,7,8]. The reinforcing effect of glass in phenol formaldehyde resin has been evaluated at various glass fiber loadings.…”

“…Tensile strength, tensile modulus, and flexural strength increases with an increase in fiber loading [9]. Cui et al prepared high-performance GF/PF composites with a bio-oil addition of 20% based on a hand lay-up process [8]. The rapid growth of PF-based composite applications has inspired extensive research to improve the fabrication and performance of such composites.…”

Synthesis of Humin-Phenol-Formaldehyde Adhesive

“…The dynamic viscosity of HPFA reached 112 mPa·s, which results from the increase of solid content and molecular weight in the polycondensation reaction. The cured HPFA has a smoother and more compact structure compared to the cured ADH as shown in Figure 1 B,C, indicating that the polycondensation reaction improves the crosslink density among the constituents of HPFA [ 28 ]. This was also shown by the C 13 NMR analysis shown in Figure 3 B, since the peaks at 129 and 150 ppm of cured HPFA were sharper than that of cured ADH [ 26 ].…”

Synthesis of Bio-Oilphenol-Formaldehyde Resins under Alkali Conditions

“…Cui and co-workers reported that the BPF resins have similar FT-IR spectra as PF resin. This indicates that the BPF resins display a similar molecular structure as the PF resin (Cui et al, 2016). According to FT-IR analysis, it can be claimed that bio-based resol resins were successfully produced by polymerization of phenol, bio-oil and formaldehyde.…”