Fabrication of large-core, high-Δ optical waveguides in polymers

Kagami, Manabu; Itô, Hiroshi; Ichikawa, Tadashi; Kato, Satoru; Matsuda, Morihiro; Takahashi, Nobuaki

doi:10.1364/ao.34.001041

Cited by 34 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…4,5 Among the several techniques that can be applied to fabricate polymeric optical waveguide, dry etching method such as reactive ion etching (RIE) is often used because these techniques can offer excellent etching profile. [6][7][8] It has been thought that one of the disadvantages of this technique is its complicated process. Furthermore, this technique is not suitable to define large core dimensions (~ several 100 μm), which may be needed for optical applications such as interconnections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-loss multimode waveguides using organic-inorganic hybrid materials

Yoon

2004

Macromol. Res.

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Multimode channel waveguides were fabricated using a direct UV patterning technology from thick films deposited by the one-step dip-coating of an organic/inorganic hybrid material (ORMOCER ® ). The core size of the covered ridge waveguide was 43 Ý51 μm 2 ; the waveguides can be readily prepared for multimode applications by direct UV patterning. The waveguides exhibited smooth surface profiles and a low optical loss of 0.07 dB/cm at the most important wavelength (850 nm) used for optical interconnects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-loss multimode waveguides using organic-inorganic hybrid materials

Yoon

2004

Macromol. Res.

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“…[1,[210][211][212] Several new polymers, mostly deuterated or halogenated polyacrylates and fluorinated polyimides, have been developed with low loss in the 1000-2000 nm range and good environmental stability. [209,[213][214][215][216][217][218] Fluorinated polymers are the most transparent for telecommunication applications.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nanotube–Polymer Composites for Ultrafast Photonics

et al. 2009

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Polymer composites are one of the most attractive near‐term means to exploit the unique properties of carbon nanotubes and graphene. This is particularly true for composites aimed at electronics and photonics, where a number of promising applications have already been demonstrated. One such example is nanotube‐based saturable absorbers. These can be used as all‐optical switches, optical amplifier noise suppressors, or mode‐lockers to generate ultrashort laser pulses. Here, we review various aspects of fabrication, characterization, device implementation and operation of nanotube‐polymer composites to be used in photonic applications. We also summarize recent results on graphene‐based saturable absorbers for ultrafast lasers.

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“…Other optical materials such as borosilicate glass and chalcogenides have also been investigated for suitable matrix materials however polymers are often chosen due to their inherent mechanical flexability [18]. Several optical polymers have been developed; including polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate and epoxy resins [19]. Materials being developed for the use in optical polymer waveguide fabrication by TPA include flexible polydimethyl diphenyl siloxane matrices [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D optical waveguides produced by two photon photopolymerisation of a flexible silanol terminated polysiloxane containing acrylate functional groups

Woods¹,

Feldbacher²,

Zidar³

et al. 2014

Opt. Mater. Express

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Optical waveguides are becoming increasingly important in the developing area of broadband communications. The field of electronics is advancing rapidly, leading to further demands for larger data storage, smaller components and a better design of integrated optical circuits. The integration of optical interconnects on printed circuit boards (PCBs) requires precise technologies to make this emerging field possible. A promising new microfabrication technique, two-photon photopolymerisation (2PP) can be used to produce three dimensional structures in the sub-micron region. Near-infrared lasers can be used to create 3D optical waveguides by initiating the photopolymerisation of high refractive index monomers in polymeric matrix materials. Terminal silanol groups are intermediates for room temperature vulcaniseable (RTV) silicones and can be cross linked with functional silanes to produce flexible, transparent polymeric materials with high thermal stabilities. A silanol terminated polysiloxane; cross linked with a methyl substituted acryloxy silane has been developed as a suitable material for the fabrication of optical waveguides by two-photon absorption (TPA). A higher refractive index is achieved upon polymerisation of the acrylate functional groups. The material has been shown to be suitable in the fabrication of 3D optical waveguides with a high refractive index contrast. The cured material is fully flexible and exhibits high thermal stability and optical transparency. The material was characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), simultaneous thermal analysis coupled with mass spectrometry (STA-MS) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Waveguides were observed by phase contrast microscopy, cut back measurements and were additionally directly integrated onto specially designed PCBs by correctly positioning waveguide bundles between optoelectronic components using TPA.

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Fabrication of large-core, high-Δ optical waveguides in polymers

Cited by 34 publications

References 8 publications

Low-loss multimode waveguides using organic-inorganic hybrid materials

Low-loss multimode waveguides using organic-inorganic hybrid materials

Nanotube–Polymer Composites for Ultrafast Photonics

3D optical waveguides produced by two photon photopolymerisation of a flexible silanol terminated polysiloxane containing acrylate functional groups

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