Abstract:Acid Yellow 36 (AY36) dye is a synthetic azo dye that is excessively used in various industries, causing hazardous environmental effects. The main target of this study is the preparation of self-N-doped porous activated carbon (NDAC) and the investigation in eliminating the AY36 dye from the water solution. The NDAC was prepared by mixing fish waste (60% protein content) which was considered a self-nitrogen dopant. A combination of Fish waste, sawdust, zinc chloride and urea with a mass ratio (5:5:5:1) was sub… Show more
“…From the values of B and A (Table 5 ) we can deduce that physical adsorption occurred. These results are in agreement with El-Nemr et al 35 who reported that, the adsorption data were defined well by LIM and TIM where the optimum pH value of Acid yellow 36 dye removal was 1.5, with a removal efficiency of 85.86%. Figure 14 ( a ) Linearized LIM, ( b ) Linearized FIM, ( c ) Linearized TIM, ( d ) Linearized HIM, ( e ) Linearized DRIM of Cr 6+ ions of 100–400 mg/L initial concentration and 1.0 g/L NDAC600 dose at 25 ± 2 °C.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 92%
“…The XRD spectra of all nitrogen-doped activated carbons reflect two peaks around 24.635° and 43.558° assigned to the (002) and (101) plans of carbons, respectively. In this case, the weak intensity peak would reveal the smaller crystallites, which is convenient with the amorphous structure of NDACs 35 , 36 . Figure 6 XRD analysis of ( a ) NDAC600, ( b ) NDAC700, ( c ) NDAC800.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 93%
“…A slightly weight loss (9.632%) appeared between 60.39 and 160 °C due to bound moisture. At temperatures around 160 °C and 714 °C, the sawdust shows a significant weight loss (55.15%) owing to the degradation of hemicellulose and cellulose 35 . The main degradation process with a maximum peak as shown in the Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To study the attraction and repulsion forces between adsorbent and adsorbate during the removal process, the pH of pH PZC should be studied. The approach outlined in the literature was used to obtain the pH PZC 3 , 35 , 36 . In brief, in 100 mL flasks, 50 mg of NDAC600 was taken in 50 mL of 0.1 M NaNO 3 solutions.…”
This study gives a description of the formation of self-nitrogen doped activated carbon (NDAC) by a novel way of employing fish meal (mixture of Atherina hepseetus and Sardina pilchardus of 60% protein) as nitrogen dopant, ZnCl2 as impregnate agent, sawdust as carbon source and water with a mass ratio (2:1:1:12), which subjected to the hydrothermal process. The hydrothermal mixture was oven dried and carbonized under a flow of nitrogen for one h at 600, 700, and 800 °C. The characterization of NDAC was performed by using various analytical techniques analyses. The synthesized NDAC exhibited unique features such as microporous structure (1.84 ~ 2.01 nm), high surface area (437.51 ~ 680.86 m2/g), the volume of total pores (0.22 ~ 0.32 cm3/g) and nitrogen content (12.82 ~ 13.73%). Batch removal tests were achieved to investigate the impact of chromium ions starting concentration (100–400 mg/L), NDAC dose (0.5–2.5 g/L), pH and contact time (5–120 min). Such helpful characteristics of NDAC, particularly for NDAC600, were suitable to use as an excellent adsorbent for Cr6+ ions with a maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) (769.23 mg/g), and the highest chromium ions adsorption uptake (81.18%) was obtained at pH value 1.5 at room temperature. Both Halsey and Temkin models fitted the adsorption data quite reasonably. The uptake of toxic chromium ions is best represented with pseudo-second-order rate kinetics data.
“…From the values of B and A (Table 5 ) we can deduce that physical adsorption occurred. These results are in agreement with El-Nemr et al 35 who reported that, the adsorption data were defined well by LIM and TIM where the optimum pH value of Acid yellow 36 dye removal was 1.5, with a removal efficiency of 85.86%. Figure 14 ( a ) Linearized LIM, ( b ) Linearized FIM, ( c ) Linearized TIM, ( d ) Linearized HIM, ( e ) Linearized DRIM of Cr 6+ ions of 100–400 mg/L initial concentration and 1.0 g/L NDAC600 dose at 25 ± 2 °C.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 92%
“…The XRD spectra of all nitrogen-doped activated carbons reflect two peaks around 24.635° and 43.558° assigned to the (002) and (101) plans of carbons, respectively. In this case, the weak intensity peak would reveal the smaller crystallites, which is convenient with the amorphous structure of NDACs 35 , 36 . Figure 6 XRD analysis of ( a ) NDAC600, ( b ) NDAC700, ( c ) NDAC800.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 93%
“…A slightly weight loss (9.632%) appeared between 60.39 and 160 °C due to bound moisture. At temperatures around 160 °C and 714 °C, the sawdust shows a significant weight loss (55.15%) owing to the degradation of hemicellulose and cellulose 35 . The main degradation process with a maximum peak as shown in the Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To study the attraction and repulsion forces between adsorbent and adsorbate during the removal process, the pH of pH PZC should be studied. The approach outlined in the literature was used to obtain the pH PZC 3 , 35 , 36 . In brief, in 100 mL flasks, 50 mg of NDAC600 was taken in 50 mL of 0.1 M NaNO 3 solutions.…”
This study gives a description of the formation of self-nitrogen doped activated carbon (NDAC) by a novel way of employing fish meal (mixture of Atherina hepseetus and Sardina pilchardus of 60% protein) as nitrogen dopant, ZnCl2 as impregnate agent, sawdust as carbon source and water with a mass ratio (2:1:1:12), which subjected to the hydrothermal process. The hydrothermal mixture was oven dried and carbonized under a flow of nitrogen for one h at 600, 700, and 800 °C. The characterization of NDAC was performed by using various analytical techniques analyses. The synthesized NDAC exhibited unique features such as microporous structure (1.84 ~ 2.01 nm), high surface area (437.51 ~ 680.86 m2/g), the volume of total pores (0.22 ~ 0.32 cm3/g) and nitrogen content (12.82 ~ 13.73%). Batch removal tests were achieved to investigate the impact of chromium ions starting concentration (100–400 mg/L), NDAC dose (0.5–2.5 g/L), pH and contact time (5–120 min). Such helpful characteristics of NDAC, particularly for NDAC600, were suitable to use as an excellent adsorbent for Cr6+ ions with a maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) (769.23 mg/g), and the highest chromium ions adsorption uptake (81.18%) was obtained at pH value 1.5 at room temperature. Both Halsey and Temkin models fitted the adsorption data quite reasonably. The uptake of toxic chromium ions is best represented with pseudo-second-order rate kinetics data.
“…Different methods are used to effectively remove heavy metal ions and dyestuffs from water sources. Examples of these are ion exchange, photocatalysis, coagulation, photodegradation, biological treatment, chemical oxidation/reduction, reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration 24 – 28 . These methods have some disadvantages such as high cost, less efficiency, other waste products and so on.…”
In recent years, water pollution has become one of the most dangerous problems facing the world. Pollution of water with heavy metals and different dyes has caused many harmful effects on human health, living organisms and our environment. In this study, iron oxide nanomagnetic composite from Pterocladia Capillacea red algae-derived activated carbon (PCAC-IO) was synthesized by co-precipitation method using different iron salts and different base solutions. The synthesized nanocomposite was investigated with various characterization techniques such as FTIR, BET, SEM-EDX, TEM, XRD, and VSM. The obtained PCAC-IO adsorbent was used for Cr6+ ions and Mordant Violet 40 (MV40) dye removal. The adsorption mechanism of Cr6+ ions and MV40 dye on PCAC-IO was examined using several adsorption and kinetic isotherm models. Langmuir and Freundlich models were investigated using experimental data. Pseudo-first-order (PFO), Pseudo-second-order (PSO) and intraparticle diffusion models (IPDM) were applied to identify the adsorption mechanism. It has shown that the PSO kinetic model fits better with the experimental data obtained from PCAC-IO. This result can be interpreted as the adsorption of the adsorbate on the nanocomposite as chemical adsorption. The optimum conditions for maximum Cr6+ ions removal (96.88%) with PCAC-IO adsorbent occur at room temperature, 5 g L−1 adsorbent concentration, 100 mg L−1 initial pollutant concentration, pH 1 and at the end of 180 min, while maximum MV40 dye removal (99.76%), other conditions being the same, unlikely it occurred at pH 2.06 and after 45 min. The most suitable model for Cr6+ ions removal under the conditions of 1 L−1 g adsorbent concentration and 400 mg L−1 adsorbate concentration was Langmuir (Qmax = 151.52 mg g−1), while for MV40 removal it was Freundlich (Qmax = 303.03 mg g−1). We propose the use of activated carbon-supported iron oxide prepared from bio-waste material, especially from Pterocladia Capillacea red algae, as a promising adsorbent with high efficiency in the removal of Cr6+ ions and MV40 dye from aqueous media.
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