Summary
The dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) can be effectively improved and stabilized by outstanding electrical and morphological characteristics of TiO2 nanofibres combined with bio‐calcium doping. The pristine and bio‐Ca‐doped TiO2 nanofibres were fabricated using a cost‐effective electrospinning technique. Biocompatible calcium carbonate nanoparticles (bio‐Ca) were synthesized from the cuttlebone of Sepia Pharaonis. Moreover, a facile one‐step procedure was employed to fabricate efficient TiO2 nanofibres‐based DSSCs using a Pechini‐type sol. This approach produced a highly porous dense film of TiO2 upon sintering without the need for the hot‐pressing or adhesion layer steps. Based on the results, the DSSCs fabricated by the bio‐Ca‐doped TiO2 nanofibres showed the highest Iitalicsc, Vitalicoc, and η of 2.19 mA, 0.41 V, and 1.48% respectively. This superiority could be due to the higher specific surface area and the relatively smaller average diameter observed for bio‐Ca‐doped TiO2 nanofibres, which improved dye‐loading and guided electron transport respectively. In addition, Ca2+ doping significantly suppressed the photocatalytic activity in the bio‐Ca‐doped TiO2 nanofibres owing to the formation of the TiO2 rutile‐anatase combined phase. Besides, the substitution of Ti4+ with Ca2+ positively affects the conduction band of TiO2 and causes trap sites that retard the charge recombination. Our results also demonstrated that the bio‐Ca‐doped TiO2 nanofibres‐based DSSC maintained about 78.38% of its initial efficiency after two weeks, while DSSCs fabricated by the TiO2 nanofibres and TiO2 nanoparticles retained 63.71% and 27.38% respectively. The superior stability could be due to the combined effect of nanoparticles into nanofibres transformation and bio‐Ca doping.