Porous membranes have several uses in separation technology. This chapter basically explored various fabrication routes of different types of porous membranes and their applications in industrial and biomedical fields. The urgent need of a low cost perfect membrane needs to be optimised with good mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and thermal stability. This chapter focuses on producing porous polymeric/ceramic membranes with nano/submicron holes using block copolymer self-assembly, track etching, 3D printing, nanoimprinting, lithography, and electrospinning, etc. Porous polymeric/ceramic membranes are used in separation techniques in various industries, drug administration, bioseparation, and biosensing. The effect of membrane material, pore shape and size towards the membrane performance for various technological challenges are thoroughly discussed.