Fabrication of planar polymer waveguides for evanescent-wave sensing in aqueous environments

Agnarsson, Björn; Halldorsson, Jennifer; Arnfinnsdottir, Nina Bjørk; Ingþórsson, Sævar; Gudjonsson, Thorarinn; Leósson, Kristján

doi:10.1016/j.mee.2009.05.016

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…By the use of microoptical waveguides, specific spots of analyte or cells can be addressed optically, [2][3][4] which makes the combination of waveguides and fluorescence microscopy a useful tool for cell biology. [5][6][7] The implementation of fluorescence detection in such a microfluidic and microoptical system may open up the possibility for, e.g., cell based sensors, where it is often advantageous to investigate a very limited amount of a certain cell culture during the study of its behavior and characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence excitation on monolithically integrated all-polymer chips

et al. 2010

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All-polymer chips with integrated optical waveguides and microfluidic channels were built as a platform for fluorescence excitation of biological samples. Their functionality has been shown for four cases: (i) fluorescence of labeled phospholipids inside a microfluidic channel, (ii) fluorescence of stained cells inside a microfluidic channel, (iii) fluorescence of labeled phospholipids on top of a polymer waveguide, and (iv) fluorescence of stained cells on top of a polymer waveguide.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence excitation on monolithically integrated all-polymer chips

et al. 2010

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“…While TIRF generally provides stronger confinement of the excitation light, the SWExFM technique has a number of important advantages, as it decouples the excitation and imaging optics and provides more flexibility with respect to substrate types, range of penetration depths and size of the illuminated field. Examples of fluorescently labeled cells cultured on CYTOP-PMMA waveguide chips can be found in [19,21,22]. These measurements reveal details of the near-surface region, undisturbed by out-of-focus background fluorescence arising from the bulk of the cell cluster (as would be the case in conventional epi-fluorescence microscopy).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The resulting CYTOP surface is flat (<10 nm surface roughness measured by a profilometer) and hydrophobic (measured contact angle around 110°). We have studied the effect of plasma treatment on the wettability of the CYTOP surface, for different plasma conditions [19]. Several minutes in Ar plasma can reduce the contact angle to below 60°.…”

Section: Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Biophotonics with CYTOP

Leósson

Agnarsson

2012

Micromachines

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Abstract:We describe how the amorphous fluoropolymer CYTOP can be advantageously used as a waveguide cladding material in integrated optical circuits suitable for applications in integrated biophotonics. The unique refractive index of CYTOP (n = 1.34) enables the cladding material to be well index-matched to an optically probed sample solution. Furthermore, ultra-high index contrast waveguides can be fabricated, using conventional optical polymers as waveguide core materials, offering a route to large-scale integration of optical functions on a single chip. We discuss applications of this platform to evanescent-wave excitation fluorescence microscopy, passive and/or thermo-electrically-controlled on-chip light manipulation, on-chip light generation, and direct integration with microfluidic circuits through low-temperature bonding.

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“…The material system of PMMA and Cytop has previously been used for commercial polymer optical fibers and simple waveguides (Y. G. Zhao et al, 2000), and using Cytop-PMMA as polymer waveguides for sensing has also been reported (B. Agnarsson et al, 2010).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%