Fabrication of PLLA with High Ductility and Transparence by Blending with Tiny Amount of PVDF and Compatibilizers

Zhang, Yan; Li, Fēi; Yu, Qunli; Ni, Chunjun; Gu, Xiaoying; Li, Yongjin; You, Jichun

doi:10.1002/mame.201970030

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In Figure 3 (A1–A4), the PVDF islands exhibit a diameter of 133 nm (at 10 min, Figure 3 (A1)). This value is much lower than that in the PVDF/PLLA blend without compatibilizers (~1 micron in ref [ 13 ]). Upon further mixing, the structure and its size do not change obviously, which has been shown in the particle size statistics ( Table S1 in the Supplementary Materials and Figure 4 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…According to our previous work, PVDF/PLLA/RC blend with a weight ratio of 5/95/3 exhibits excellent ductility [ 13 ]. In this work, therefore, the same weight ratio has been adopted.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Figure S2 in the Supplementary Materials , neat PLLA exhibits high yielding strength (~60 MPa) but low elongation at break (~10%). Upon blending with PVDF, neither the strength nor the elongation at break increased due to the poor interaction between PVDF and PLLA [ 13 ]. Figure 2 shows the stress–strain curves of the PVDF/PLLA blends with different compatibilizers upon mixing for the indicated time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various strategies have been developed to prepare ductile PLLA. As a typical example, it has been blended with flexible polymers [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. In these multicomponent blend systems, phase separation always occurs due to the poor miscibility of them [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous work, a facile strategy has been developed to fabricate PLLA with excellent ductility by blending with a tiny amount of PVDF and reactive compatibilizers (RC) containing poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) backbone with randomly distributed glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) [ 13 ]. The reaction between the terminal carboxyl group in PLLA and the epoxy groups in RC took place, producing PLLA– g –PMMA [ 8 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improvement of PLLA Ductility by Blending with PVDF: Localization of Compatibilizers at Interface and Its Glycidyl Methacrylate Content Dependency

Zhang

et al. 2020

Polymers

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In this work, the localization of reactive compatibilizer (RC, containing poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) backbone with randomly distributed glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) on it) at the polyvinylidene fluoride/poly(l-lactic acid) (PVDF/PLLA) interface has been manipulated by means of GMA contents. At the very beginning of mixing, RC tends to stay in the PVDF phase due to the miscibility between PVDF and PMMA. Upon further shearing, more and more PLLA chains have been grafted on PMMA backbone, producing PLLA–g–PMMA copolymer. The balanced stress on two sides accounts for the localization of compatibilizers at the PVDF/PLLA interface. Finally, the stress of the PLLA side has been enhanced remarkably due to the higher graft density of PLLA, resulting in the enrichment of the copolymer in the PLLA matrix. The migration of RC from the PVDF phase to the immiscible interface and PLLA matrix can be accelerated by employing RC with higher GMA content. Furthermore, the compatibilizer localization produces a significant influence on the morphology and ductility of the PVDF/PLLA blend. Only when the compatibilizers precisely localize at the interface, the blend exhibits the smallest domain and highest elongation at break. Our results are of great significance for not only the fabrication of PLLA with high ductility, but also the precise localization of compatibilizers at the interface of the immiscible blend.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…According to our previous work, PVDF/PLLA/RC blend with a weight ratio of 5/95/3 exhibits excellent ductility [ 13 ]. In this work, therefore, the same weight ratio has been adopted.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Improvement of PLLA Ductility by Blending with PVDF: Localization of Compatibilizers at Interface and Its Glycidyl Methacrylate Content Dependency

Zhang

et al. 2020

Polymers

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Stereocomplex Crystallization Induced Significant Improvement in Transparency and Stiffness–Toughness Performance of Core‐Shell Rubber Nanoparticles Toughened Poly(l‐lactide) Blends

Liu

Bai

Ду

et al. 2021

Macro Materials & Eng

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Toughening modification of poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) with rubber particles is often realized at the cost of transparency, mechanical strength, and modulus because high rubber loadings are generally required for toughening. In this work, a promising strategy to simultaneously improve the transparency and stiffness–toughness performance of poly(butyl acrylate)‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (BAMMA) core‐shell rubber nanoparticles toughened PLLA blends by utilizing the stereocomplex (SC) crystallization between PLLA and poly(d‐lactide) (PDLA) is devised. The results reveal that the construction of SC crystallites in PLLA matrix via melt‐mixing PLLA/BAMMA blends with PDLA can prevent BAMMA nanoparticles from aggregation and promote them to form network‐like structure at lower contents. As a result, not only higher toughening efficiency with less rubber contents but also superior transparency is achieved in the PLLA/PDLA/BAMMA blends as compared with the PLLA/BAMMA ones where large aggregated BAMMA clusters are formed. Moreover, the outstanding reinforcement of SC crystallites network for PLLA can impart an enhanced tensile strength and modulus to PLLA/PDLA/BAMMA blends, thus improving the stiffness–toughness performance of PLLA/PDLA/BAMMA blends to a higher degree. This work demonstrates that SC crystallization is a promising solution to solve the contradiction between transparency and mechanical properties and then obtain superior comprehensive performances in rubber toughened PLLA blends.

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Importance of Low‐Temperature Melt‐Mixing on the Construction of Stereocomplex Crystallites with Superior Nucleation Efficiency in Asymmetric Poly(l‐lactide)/Poly(d‐lactide) Blends

Zeng

Bai

et al. 2021

Macro Materials & Eng

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The nucleation efficiency (NE) of stereocomplex crystallites (SCs) formed in asymmetric poly(L‐lactide)/poly(D‐lactide) (PLLA/PDLA) blends is generally unsatisfactory because the competition between stereocomplexation and chain mixing involved in the melt‐mixing process can cause low formation efficiency and even severe aggregation of SCs. Herein, it is attempted to achieve high‐efficient formation of finely dispersed SCs particles by designing a unique melt‐mixing procedure, where the mixing of PLLA with 0.75 wt% PDLA is first performed at elevated temperatures (far above the melting temperature of SCs) to allow the homogeneous mixing of PLLA/PDLA chains and then at a low temperature (slightly above that of homocrystallites) to permit the full stereocomplexation of the premixed chains. It is found that the SCs formed in the blends exhibit unexpectedly low NEs (e.g., 54.5%), much inferior to that (73.6%) in the counterpart without undergoing premixing. This is because the introduction of premixing leads to a remarkable deterioration in the amount of SCs particles formed, despite decreased particle size, highlighting that the direct mixing at low temperatures of 170–180 °C (about 20–30 °C lower than that used in common melt‐processing of PLA) is more effective for the construction of SCs with superior NE. The mechanisms for these striking findings are discussed.

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Fabrication of PLLA with High Ductility and Transparence by Blending with Tiny Amount of PVDF and Compatibilizers

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Improvement of PLLA Ductility by Blending with PVDF: Localization of Compatibilizers at Interface and Its Glycidyl Methacrylate Content Dependency

Improvement of PLLA Ductility by Blending with PVDF: Localization of Compatibilizers at Interface and Its Glycidyl Methacrylate Content Dependency

Stereocomplex Crystallization Induced Significant Improvement in Transparency and Stiffness–Toughness Performance of Core‐Shell Rubber Nanoparticles Toughened Poly(l‐lactide) Blends

Importance of Low‐Temperature Melt‐Mixing on the Construction of Stereocomplex Crystallites with Superior Nucleation Efficiency in Asymmetric Poly(l‐lactide)/Poly(d‐lactide) Blends

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