Fabrication of poly(l-glutamic acid)/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex porous scaffolds for tissue engineering

Poly(l-glutamic acid)/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex porous microspheres as cell microcarriers for cartilage regeneration

“…According to the calculations of Tsao 614 et al [43] the positive charge of PEC microspheres reached 89%.The large pore size and high porosity of chitosan scaffolds is an-616 other beneficial issue in the improvement due to PLGA absorption.In the current study we found that attachment and proliferation 618 of chondrocytes on PEC microcarriers were much greater than on 619 chitosan microcarriers. This result is in agreement with a study re-620 ported by Yan and co-workers[19]. First, the interaction between 621 carboxyl and amino groups on PLGA and chitosan, respectively, 622 provided the resultant PEC microcarriers with a suitable weakly 623 positively charged surface for attached cell growth[44,45].…”

“…However, one major concern in using chitosan as a scaffold [18,19,24,39]. Third, as a form of syn-545 thetic polypeptide PLGA, when interacting with chitosan to form 546 PEC, was expected to provide a suitable microenviroment for seed 547 cells by mimicking natural ECM, which is largely composed of pep-548 tides and polysaccharides [18,40].…”

“…549 However, as chitosan is a positively charged polyelectrolyte in 550 acidic environments, when negatively charged PLGA was directly 551 mixed with chitosan polyion complexes would immediately form 552 and further aggregate at the interface [17]. To solve this problem 553 in the preparation of bulk scaffolds Yan [19] [19]. Third, when the culture period was further extended PEC 630 microcarriers with positive charges attracted more chondrocytes 631 than those that exhibited a negatively charged membrane [45].…”

Poly(ornithine‐co‐arginine‐co‐glycine‐co‐aspartic Acid): Preparation via NCA Polymerization and its Potential as a Polymeric Tumor‐Penetrating Agent

“…The resultant RGDK/ R interact with NRP-1, enhancing the tumor permeability and the tumor accumulation of coadministrated drugs such as nab-paclitaxel (ABX), doxorubicin (DOX), DOX liposomes, and trastuzumab. [16] Polypeptides have found wide uses in biomedical application such as drug/gene delivery, [22][23][24][25][26] tissue engineering, [27,28] diagnostics, [29] and biosensors. [30] Polypeptides can be synthesized by the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of N-carboxy anhydrides (NCA) of a-amino acids, which has become the most common technique used for large scale preparation of polypeptides with high molecular weight.…”

Preparation of Chitosan/Poly‐γ‐Glutamic Acid Polyelectrolyte Multilayers on Biomedical Metals for Local Antibiotic Delivery

“…The highest cell proliferation was founded in 30 layers PGA coating groups with the cell viability enhanced with 40%-58% with statistical difference. PGA, which carries a negatively charged carboxyl group, has been suggested to improve the hydrophilicity, biocompatibility and degradation rate of chitosan in the form as a composite; therefore, the presence of PGA can promote cell attachment and proliferation [30][31][32][33]. A more direct method to observe the cell adhesion and affinity on a material is to observe cell attachment and morphology using fluorescence microscopy.…”