2014
DOI: 10.3390/mi5020275
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Fabrication of Polydimethylsiloxane Microlenses Utilizing Hydrogel Shrinkage and a Single Molding Step

Abstract: Abstract:We report on polydimethlysiloxane (PDMS) microlenses and microlens arrays on flat and curved substrates fabricated via a relatively simple process combining liquid-phase photopolymerization and a single molding step. The mold for the formation of the PDMS lenses is fabricated by photopolymerizing a polyacrylamide (PAAm) pre-hydrogel. The shrinkage of PAAm after its polymerization forms concave lenses. The lenses are then transferred to PDMS by a single step molding to form PDMS microlens array on a fl… Show more

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Cited by 13 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…They used Shrinky-Dinks and other thermoplastic shrink films, which shrink up to 95% in surface area when exposed to heat, to fabricate plastic or polymer-based microfluidic devices as well as other microstructures and metallic nanostructures 15 . Hydrogels, which can shrink upon drying or in response to changes in environmental conditions like pH or temperature, have also been used to fabricate small structures and patterns 16,17 . The advantage of using shrinkable materials for the fabrication of small structures is that it is relatively easy to pattern or fabricate larger, lower-resolution structures, which can subsequently be converted into smaller, higher-resolution structures upon shrinking, without the need for sophisticated microfabrication equipment.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They used Shrinky-Dinks and other thermoplastic shrink films, which shrink up to 95% in surface area when exposed to heat, to fabricate plastic or polymer-based microfluidic devices as well as other microstructures and metallic nanostructures 15 . Hydrogels, which can shrink upon drying or in response to changes in environmental conditions like pH or temperature, have also been used to fabricate small structures and patterns 16,17 . The advantage of using shrinkable materials for the fabrication of small structures is that it is relatively easy to pattern or fabricate larger, lower-resolution structures, which can subsequently be converted into smaller, higher-resolution structures upon shrinking, without the need for sophisticated microfabrication equipment.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They usually utilize two liquids of different indices of refraction, the curved interface between them defining the lens. There are a large variety of actuation methods that have been demonstrated for liquid lenses, including fluidic pressure [1,2,3], liquid crystal [4,5], hydrogel [6,7], thermal [8,9], dielectrophoretic [10,11], and electrowetting [12,13,14,15]. Electrowetting is particularly attractive thanks to its fast response times [16,17] and low power consumption.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In particular, curved artificial compound eyes have generated more attention recently owing to their large field of view and low aberration or distortion. A variety of manufacturing methods have been proposed to fabricate curved artificial compound eyes, including but not limited to laser lithography technology [ 10 ], ultra-precision machining [ 11 , 12 ], hydrogel shrinkage [ 13 ], two-photon polymerization [ 14 ], bottom-up technology [ 15 , 16 ], thermal reflow of two different polymeric materials [ 17 ], and membrane deformation of polymers [ 18 ] assisted by differential air pressure [ 19 , 20 , 21 ] or bending ball [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. While the fabrication of compound eyes has flourished, the application of components in the system has developed slowly due to a lack of proper detectors.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%