Fabrication of Polylactide‐Based Biodegradable Thermoset Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications

Abstract

The fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds based on the polymerization of crosslinked polylactide using leaching and batch foaming to generate well‐controlled and interconnected biodegradable polymer scaffolds is reported. The scaffold fabrication parameters are studied in relation to the interpore connectivity, pore morphology, and structural stability of the crosslinked PLA scaffold. In vitro cell culture and in vitro degradation are used to analyze the biocompatibility and biodegradability of the scaffolds. The new crosslinked PLA thermoset scaffolds are highly suitable for bone tissue engineering applications due to their complex internal architecture, thermal stability, and biocompatibility. magnified image

Synthetic biopolymer/layered silicate nanocomposites for tissue engineering scaffolds

“…The 17.6 Pore size distribution in cross-linked PLA porous scaffolds: Lait-X/ b and Lait-X/c. Reprinted with permission from Wiley-VCH (Sakai et al, 2012). perturbation due to nHA particles, however, was small even in proportions of up to 50% due to their nanometer scale and uniform distribution.…”

“…The in-vitro cell culture demonstrated the ability of the scaffold to support human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) adhesion, confirming biocompatibility through the cell-scaffold interaction. The invitro degradation of the PLA thermoset scaffolds in a phosphate-buffered solution was faster for samples prepared by foaming and subsequent leaching (Sakai et al, 2012). The agglomeration of the smaller crystal (solid porogen) within the 3D polymer matrix enables the creation of an interconnected pore network with well-defined pore sizes and shapes.…”

“…In recent work (Sakai et al, 2012), highly porous cross-linked PLA scaffolds were successfully prepared through particulate leaching and foaming or simple leaching methods. The scaffolds were porous with good interconnectivity and thermal stability.…”

“…During quenching, the 17.5 SEM images of cross-linked PLA porous scaffolds: Lait-X/b and Lait-X/c, for 3506 and 7506 magnifications. Reprinted with permission from Wiley-VCH (Sakai et al, 2012). solvent crystallized and the polymer was expelled from the solvent crystallization front.…”

Fabrication of PLLA/HA composite scaffolds modified by DNA

“…The mass density of both bulk (r b ) and scaffolds (r sc ) in g/cm 3 samples were estimated by using the buoyancy method [19]. The porosity (F p ) can be measured using the following equation [20]:…”