Fabrication of quantum dot–lectin conjugates as novel fluorescent probes for microscopic and flow cytometric identification of leukemia cells from normal lymphocytes

Abstract

The present study describes a synthesis of QD-lectin conjugates and their application for identification of leukaemia cells from normal lymphocytes using fluorescent confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The results are compared with commercially available FITC-lectin.

CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots Conjugated with a Fluorescein Derivative: a FRET-based pH Sensor for Physiological Alkaline Conditions

“…To exploit the advantageous aspects of QDs, various fluorescent sensors have been developed to address their biocompatibility for biological applications. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] A most important advantage is that the QD can be dispersed in the water by functionalizing the surface. 19,20 Simple but useful fluorescent sensors based on QDs in previous studies monitored changes in the pH through single peak emission changes that occurred by a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism.…”

Quantum Dot‐based Nanobiohybrids for Fluorescent Detection of Molecular and Cellular Biological Targets

“…that the particles have to be conjugated with. Despite their relatively large size, recent life science experiments have shown that bioconjugated QD probes behave like fluorescent proteins and do not suffer from serious binding kinetic or steric hindrance problems and can be used in fluorescent imaging of molecular and cellular targets [8,9,12,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. In this ''mesoscopic'' size range, QDs also have a greater surface area and a lot of functionalities to develop multifunctional nanoparticles that can be used for linking to multiple diagnostic and therapeutic agents.…”

“…In contrast, using small QDs (approximately 2-3 nm in diameter) it is possible to obtain nanobiohybrids that consist of several QD particles attached to a single biomolecule (usually protein) [26]. In this case, QDs have an important privilege for fluorescence detection methods in comparison with classical organic dyesthe attachment of several small size QDs on the surface of one protein molecule does not result in fluorescence self-quenching, in contrast to classical dyes (e.g., cyanines, fluorescein, etc.)…”

Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Mediated Photoluminescence Quenching in Stoichiometrically Assembled CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dot-Peptide Labeled Black Hole Quencher Conjugates for Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Sensing

“…14 QD-based western blotting protocols were useful for the ultrasensitive detection of "tracer" proteins in cell lysates, 23 QD-conjugated hybridization probes were effective for a rapid procedure for the selection of highly effective smallinterfering RNA (siRNA) sequences for RNA interference in mammalian cells, 24 QD-lectin conjugates could identify leukaemia cells from normal lymphocytes using fluorescent confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, 25 QDs could be transfected into the cytoplasm and even the nucleus of the cells using insect neuropeptide, namely, allatostatin 1 from Drosophila melanogaster. 26 The conventional luminescence probe only shows monotonous luminescence changes upon biosensing and causes limited resolution.…”