Fabrication of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 coated porous biphasic calcium phosphate-sodium carboxymethylcellulose-gelatin scaffold and its In vitro evaluation

Abstract

Fabrication of bone substitutes, which are a combination of bio-ceramics and bio-polymer, is performed to meet the demand for bone regeneration after fracture or disease. In this study, sodium carboxymethylcellulosegelatin (NaCMC-GEL) hydrogel scaffold where the ratio of NaCMC and GEL was 1:2 and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) loaded NaCMC-GEL where the ratio of BCP, NaCMC and GEL was 1:1:2 hydrogel scaffold were fabricated successfully by the freeze-drying method. These hydrogel scaffolds were crosslinked by 0.75wt% genipin solution to check the swelling and ensure optimum degradation. Then BCP-NaCMC-GEL hydrogel was coated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). Detailed morphological and material characterization, such as porosity, micro-structural analysis, and chemical constituents of NaCMC-GEL and BCP-NaCMC-GEL hydrogel scaffolds was carried out. The study demonstrates that these hydrogel scaffolds have a porous structure and the pore size is optimum for bone tissue regeneration. PBS uptake and degradation behavior of the NaCMC-GEL, BCP-NaCMC-GEL and BMP-2-BCP-NaCMC-GEL hydrogel scaffolds were also observed. BMP-2-BCP-NaCMC-GEL hydrogel scaffold showed higher cell viability, cell attachment, and proliferation of pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells than the NaCMC-GEL, BCP-NaCMC-GEL scaffolds, which was confirmed by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, live-dead assay, and immunofluorescence assay. The BMP-2 release profile from BMP-2-BCP-NaCMC-GEL scaffold was also shown. The observations show that BMP-2-coated BCPNaCMC-GEL hydrogel scaffold is a promising material for bone tissue regeneration.

Preparation and characterization of polycaprolactone–polyethylene glycol methyl ether and polycaprolactone–chitosan electrospun mats potential for vascular tissue engineering

“…71 Absorption band appeared at 1625 cm −1 corresponded to C=O stretching vibration in amide I and amide 2 absorption band at 1556 cm −1 were for N–H bending. 72 In PCL–PEGME electrospun mats, all characteristic peaks for individual PCL and PEGME electrospun mats appeared. This indicated the presence of both compounds in hybrid polymer electrospun mats.…”

A biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic scaffold loaded with oxidized cellulose nanofiber–gelatin hydrogel with immobilized simvastatin drug for osteogenic differentiation

“…Peaks at 1,625 and 1,540 cm −1 , corresponding to CO stretching vibration in amide I and NH bending vibration in amide II, respectively, were observed. Peaks at 1,016 cm −1 showed high transmittance of the BCP, BCPHG, and BCPHG‐S scaffolds, indicating a strong presence of PO 4 −3 from HAp and tricalcium phosphate compounds (Figure a; Sarker, Linh, Jung, Seo, & Lee, ). The entire peak is almost similar only in ~3,400 cm −1 region peak intense increase in BCPHG‐S in term of simvastatin immobilization to BCPHG‐S scaffolds (Bhavani, Chadalawada, & Rattaiah Gupta, ).…”

A new hydroxyapatite-alginate-gelatin biocomposite favor bone regeneration in a critical-sized calvarial defect model

“…The gel is biocompatible, biodegradable, nonimmunogenic, and highly accessible (13,14). It can also form crosslinked hydrogel structures with excellent cell proliferation and differentiation properties (15,16). Thus, the HA granules encapsulation into the Alg and Gel hydrogel matrix might be crucial to enhance osseointegration, osteoconductivity, and structural stability to improve bone regeneration in the defect zone.…”