Fabrication of strongly attached hydroxyapatite coating on titanium by hydrothermal treatment of Ti–Zn–PO4 coated titanium in CaCl2 solution

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) coating was formed on zinc phosphate (Ti-Zn-PO4) coated Ti plates by hydrothermal treatment in CaCl2 solution at 200 °C for 12 h. Uniform surface coverage of the fabricated HAp coating was obtained by this method. SEM-EDX analysis of the adhesion test area showed that the presence of fractures only occurred in HAp crystals. On the other words cohesive fracture was seen in HAp coating layer formed on the Ti-Zn-PO4. The measured strength was around 42.3 ± 17 MPa. Rat bone marrow (RBM) mesenchymal stem cells were cultured and differentiation-induced on each sample (Ti plate, Ti-Zn-PO4 coated and HAp coated), and cell calcification properties were examined. Apparent differences in morphology and extension of the RBM cells were obtained, while the Ti-Zn-PO4 coated samples showed the highest cell number among all samples. After differentiation-induction, HAp coated samples showed the highest amount of alkaline phosphatase activity, and the highest level of cell calcification. Therefore, the hard tissue compatibility of Ti is improved by hydrothermally HAp coating of samples.

A superhydrophilic titanium implant functionalized by ozone gas modulates bone marrow cell and macrophage responses

“…Various studies have been carried out to improve the osteoconductivity of titanium implants such as physical surface modification, surface topography, chemical treatment, coating with osteoinductive ceramics and surface photofunctionalization [14][15][16][17][18][19]. These methods are shown to be effective in increasing osteoconductivity of titanium implant.…”

Optimal Zn-Modified Ca–Si-Based Ceramic Nanocoating with Zn Ion Release for Osteoblast Promotion and Osteoclast Inhibition in Bone Tissue Engineering

“…In contrast, released Zn 2+ from sample Zn/Ca (0), representing Ca 2 SiO 3 , was close to 0, similarly to sample Ti. In previous studies [19][20][21][22], Zn, an important element in cells and the body, was introduced into an inorganic compound coating, such as hydroxyapatite (HA). To improve the osseointegration properties of the hydroxyapatite-titanium substrate (HA/TiO 2 ), Zhang et al prepared Zn containing hydroxyapatite titania (ZnHA/TiO 2 ) hybrid coatings on titanium, and the released Zn 2+ was investigated [22].…”

A novel coating layer on zirconia using modified zinc phosphatizing method

“…However, calcium phosphate and metal or zirconia could not make a satisfaction adherent; therefore, usage of an additive in the coating process to reinforce the coating and substrate adhesion 22) . Moreover, it was reported that a firmly adhered hydroxyapatite (HAp) layer on Ti by utilizing the zinc phosphate interface layer 23) . To approach this aim as a first step, firmly adhered zinc phosphate coating layer formed on the Ti using hydrothermal treatment 17) .…”

“…While zinc phosphatizing take place at 75-95°C for mild steel 24) , in the case of Ti and stainless steel type 316L (denoted as 316L SS) the coating could not be formed at low temperature; therefore, the hydrothermal condition was utilized to initiate the zinc phosphatizing reaction on the 316L SS 27) and Ti 17) . Then the bioactive layer was formed on the zinc phosphatized Ti by the hydrothermal method in the calcium phosphate solution 23) . On the basis of these studies, it was hypothesized that using zinc phosphate solution and hydrothermal treatment could cover the zirconia surface by a strongly adhered zinc phosphate coating layer.…”