Fabrication of super tough poly(lactic acid)/ethylene-co-vinyl-acetate blends via a melt recirculation approach: static-short term mechanical and morphological interpretation

Singla, Rajendra Kumar; Maiti, Sukumar; Ghosh, Anup K.

doi:10.1039/c5ra24897c

Cited by 25 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Figure 1-a shows that the cold crystallization peak of PLA became sharper and shifted to a lower value with the incorporation of EVA 80 into the PLA matrix. This can be elucidated by the fact that EVA80 made PLA macromolecular chains more mobile, generating favorable conditions for PLA crystallization, as reported before [14,23,35,36]. Another possible reason is that a heterogeneous structure between PLA and EVA80 accelerates the PLA's crystallization process as Tien et al [37] mentioned.…”

Section: Figure 1 Dsc Second Heating Curves For A)-pla: Eva80; B)-pla...mentioning

confidence: 77%

Synergistic effect of TiO2 nanoparticles and poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) on the morphology and crystallization behavior of polylactic acid

El-Taweel

2024

Preprint

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The impact of adding 80% vinyl acetate (EVA 80) and 1.0% TiO2 nanoparticles on the morphology and crystallization behavior of poly(lactic acid) blends was investigated using DSC, SEM, and POM. Thermal analysis revealed the enhancement of crystallinity of PLA in the presence of TiO2 and higher EVA 80 content in the blend. The PLA and EVA 80 components showed compatibility as evidenced by the shift of the glass transition temperatures of the PLA phase in the blend to lower values compared to neat PLA. The lower temperature shift of the cold crystallization of the PLA and the formation of the small spherulites of the PLA in the blends indicated that the TiO2 acts as a nucleating agent for crystallization. The non-isothermal crystallization of the blends was evaluated using Avrami's modified model, the MO approach, and Friedman’s isoconversional method. The Avrami’s modified rate constant (K) values and the effective activation energy significantly increased with the incorporation of EVA 80 and TiO2 nanoparticles. Furthermore, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed improved thermal stability of PLA by adding EVA 80 and TiO2.

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Section: Figure 1 Dsc Second Heating Curves For A)-pla: Eva80; B)-pla...mentioning

confidence: 77%

Synergistic effect of TiO2 nanoparticles and poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) on the morphology and crystallization behavior of polylactic acid

El-Taweel

2024

Preprint

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“…Currently, numerous flexible polymers used as toughening modifiers for PLA have been reported, including poly(ethylene octene), [ 7,8 ] thermoplastic polyurethane, [ 9,10 ] poly(ester‐amide) (PEA), [ 11 ] thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer, [ 12 ] ethylene acrylic elastomer, [ 13 ] ethylene‐methyl acrylate‐glycidyl methacrylate (EMA‐GMA), [ 14,15 ] ethylene‐acrylicester‐glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer (EGMA), [ 16,17 ] ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer, [ 18,19 ] hydrogenated styrene–butadiene–styrene block copolymer, [ 20 ] linear low‐density polyethylene, [ 21 ] and so forth, but most of the impact modifiers are petroleum‐based polymers. Since the use of petroleum‐based polymers partially compromises the biodegradability of PLA, increasing attention has been focused on the use of biodegradable polymers for PLA toughening.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic toughening of poly(lactic acid) by poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) and poly(methyl methacrylate)–poly(butyl acrylate)–poly(methyl methacrylate) block copolymer

Zhang

Dong

Han

et al. 2022

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Poly(butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) was used to toughen poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with the addition of poly(methyl methacrylate)-poly (butyl acrylate)-poly(methyl methacrylate) (MAM) through melt blending. The impact toughness and tensile toughness of the PLA/PBAT/MAM ternary blends were greatly enhanced when the MAM content was higher than 5%.For PLA/PBAT/MAM (80/15/5) blend, the notched impact strength was as high as 42.4 kJ/m 2 , and the elongation at break reached 194.7%. The structure-property relationship of the PLA/PBAT/MAM ternary blends were studied through scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, and contact angle measurements. It is found MAM and PBAT have a synergistic toughening effect on PLA, the MAM acts as not only a compatibilizer but also a toughening agent, which can improve the compatibility and enhance the interfacial adhesion between PLA and PBAT. As a result, the overall mechanical properties of PLA blends were improved significantly. This result provides a simple to operate and more efficient method for PLA toughening.

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Influence of the morphology and viscoelasticity on the thermomechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic polyurethane blends compatibilized with ethylene‐ester copolymer

Bernardes

Luiz

Santana

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Viscoelastic, interfacial properties, and morphological data were employed to predict the thermal and mechanical properties of compatibilized poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blends. The combination of interfacial thickness measured by contact angle and entanglement density determined by dynamical mechanical analysis analyze data was employed to evaluate the mechanical behavior of PLA/TPU blends with and without ethylene-butyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (EBG) compatibilization agent. The PLA/TPU blend (70/30 wt %) was prepared in a Haake internal mixer at 190 C and compatibilized with different contents of EBG. The evaluation of the interfacial properties revealed an increase in the interfacial layer thickness of the PLA/TPU blend with EBG. The scanning electronic microscopy images showed a drastic reduction in the size of the dispersed phase by increasing the compatibilizer agent EBG content in the blend. The compatibilization of the PLA/TPU blends improved both the Izod impact strength and yield stress by 38 and 33%, respectively, in comparison with neat PLA/TPU blend. The addition of EBG into PLA/TPU blends significantly increased the entanglement density and the PLA toughening but resulted in a decrease of PLA deformation at break. The PLA and TPU glass transitions were affected by the EBG, suggesting that the PLA and TPU domains were partially miscible.

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Fabrication of super tough poly(lactic acid)/ethylene-co-vinyl-acetate blends via a melt recirculation approach: static-short term mechanical and morphological interpretation

Abstract: The notched Izod impact strength of PLA/EVA blends was enhanced significantly with improved toughness making blends super tough.

Cited by 25 publications

References 54 publications

Synergistic effect of TiO2 nanoparticles and poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) on the morphology and crystallization behavior of polylactic acid

Synergistic effect of TiO2 nanoparticles and poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) on the morphology and crystallization behavior of polylactic acid

Synergistic toughening of poly(lactic acid) by poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) and poly(methyl methacrylate)–poly(butyl acrylate)–poly(methyl methacrylate) block copolymer

Influence of the morphology and viscoelasticity on the thermomechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic polyurethane blends compatibilized with ethylene‐ester copolymer

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