Fabry-Perot interferometer based Mie Doppler lidar for low tropospheric wind observation

Xia, Haiyun; Sun, Dongsong; Yang, Yuanhong; Shen, Fahua; Dong, Jingjing; Kobayashi, T.

doi:10.1364/ao.46.007120

Cited by 60 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…[5][6][7][8][20][21][22][23][24][25] The molecular signal with Doppler shifts is spectrally broadened due to the random thermal motion of the molecules and Brillouin scattering. [26][27][28][29] As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Review Of Retrieval Methods In Existencementioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis on wind retrieval methods for Rayleigh Doppler lidar

et al. 2013

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Abstract. A modification method is described for Rayleigh Doppler lidar wind retrieval. Compared to the double-edge theory of Korb et al. [Appl. Opt. 38, 432 (1999)] and the retrieval algorithm of Chanin et al. [Geophys. Res. Lett. 16, 1273(1989], it has a greater sensitivity. The signal-to-noise ratio of the energy monitor channel is involved in error estimation. When the splitting ratio of the two signal channels is 1.2, which usually happened during wind detection, it will improve the measurement accuracy by about 1% at 30 km altitude for a Doppler shift of 250 MHz (44 m∕s). Stabilities of retrieval methods, i.e., errors caused by the spectrum width deviation including laser pulse, Rayleigh backscatter, and filter transmission curve are first discussed. The proposed method increases the resultant precision by about 15% at 30-km altitude assuming an 8-MHz deviation in full width at half maximum of the Fabry-Perot interferometer. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Section: Review Of Retrieval Methods In Existencementioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis on wind retrieval methods for Rayleigh Doppler lidar

et al. 2013

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“…For lidar and remote sensing applications [24][25][26][27], the most practical solution is using freerunning InGaAs/InP SPADs. So far several techniques have been used to implement free-running operations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully integrated free-running InGaAs/InP single-photon detector for accurate lidar applications

Shangguan

Xia

et al. 2017

Opt. Express

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Abstract:We present a fully integrated InGaAs/InP negative feedback avalanche diode (NFAD) based free-running single-photon detector (SPD) designed for accurate lidar applications. A freepiston Stirling cooler is used to cool down the NFAD with a large temperature range, and an active hold-off circuit implemented in a field programmable gate array is applied to further suppress the afterpulsing contribution. The key parameters of the free-running SPD including photon detection efficiency (PDE), dark count rate (DCR), afterpulse probability, and maximum count rate (MCR) are dedicatedly optimized for lidar application in practice. We then perform a field experiment using a Mie lidar system with 20 kHz pulse repetition frequency to compare the performance between the free-running InGaAs/InP SPD and a commercial superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD). Our detector exhibits good performance with 1.6 Mcps MCR (0.6 µs hold-off time), 10% PDE, 950 cps DCR, and 18% afterpulse probability over 50 µs period. Such performance is worse than the SNSPD with 60% PDE and 300 cps DCR. However, after performing a specific algorithm that we have developed for afterpulse and count rate corrections, the lidar system performance in terms of range-corrected signal (Pr 2 ) distribution using our SPD agrees very well with the result using the SNSPD, with only a relative error of ∼2%. Due to the advantages of low-cost and small size of InGaAs/InP NFADs, such detector provides a practical solution for accurate lidar applications.

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“…Direct-detection Doppler lidars usually operate at wavelength of 1.064 µm [20], 0.532 µm [21] or 0.355 µm [22,23], which produced by the fundamental, second or third harmonics of an Nd: YAG laser. The proposed lidar operates at a wavelength of 1.5 µm, a standard wavelength of telecommunications industry, providing many advantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-fiber upconversion high spectral resolution wind lidar using a Fabry-Perot interferometer

Shangguan¹,

Xia²,

Wang³

et al. 2016

Opt. Express

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An all--fiber, micro--pulse and eye--safe high spectral resolution wind lidar (HSRWL) at 1.5 μm is proposed and demonstrated by using a pair of upconversion single--photon detectors and a fiber Fabry--Perot scanning interferometer (FFP--SI). In order to improve the optical detection efficiency, both the transmission spectrum and the reflection spectrum of the FFP--SI are used for spectral analyses of the aerosol backscatter and the reference laser pulse. The reference signal is tapped from the outgoing laser and served as a zero velocity indicator. The Doppler shift is retrieved from a frequency response function Q, which is defined as the ratio of difference of the transmitted signal and the reflected signal to their sum. Taking advantages of high signal--to--noise ratio of the detectors and high spectral resolution of the FFP--SI, the Q spectra of the aerosol backscatter are reconstructed along the line--of--sight (LOS) of the telescope. By applying a least squares fit procedure to the measured Q spectra, the center frequencies and the km. The standard deviation of the retrieved bandwidth variation is 2.07 MHz at the 1.8 km.

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Fabry-Perot interferometer based Mie Doppler lidar for low tropospheric wind observation

Cited by 60 publications

References 34 publications

Analysis on wind retrieval methods for Rayleigh Doppler lidar

Analysis on wind retrieval methods for Rayleigh Doppler lidar

Fully integrated free-running InGaAs/InP single-photon detector for accurate lidar applications

All-fiber upconversion high spectral resolution wind lidar using a Fabry-Perot interferometer

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