Facial palsy, a disorder belonging to influential neurological dynasty: Review of literature

Abstract

Facial paralysis is one of the common problem leading to facial deformation. Bell's palsy (BP) is defined as a lower motor neuron palsy of acute onset and idiopathic origin. BP is regarded as a benign common neurological disorder of unknown cause. It has an acute onset and is almost always a mononeuritis. The facial nerve is a mixed cranial nerve with a predominant motor component, which supplies all muscles concerned with unilateral facial expression. Knowledge of its course is vital for anatomic localization and clinical correlation. BP accounts for approximately 72% of facial palsies. Almost a century later, the management and etiology of BP is still a subject of controversy. Here, we present a review of literature on this neurologically significant entity.

Myasthenia Gravis Masquerading as an Idiopathic Unilateral Facial Paralysis (Bell's Palsy)—A Very Rare and Unique Clinical Find

“…Structural lesions in the parotid gland or the inner ear such as salivary gland tumors or a cholesteatoma can produce cranial nerve seven compression and paralysis. Unilateral facial weakness may also occur as sequelae of Lyme disease, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, variants of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), otitis media, sarcoidosis, and some influenza vaccines ( 11 ). While these conditions may present as isolated facial nerve palsies, they usually have additional features that distinguish them from BP and thus were excluded in the differential diagnosis of our patient.…”

A Review on Automated Facial Nerve Function Assessment From Visual Face Capture

“…The functional disability or impairment may further lead to a wide range of psychosocial problems [2]- [5]. Investigations carried out in Japan, UK and USA show that only the annual incidence of Bell's palsy 1 is 20 to 30 per 100,000 population [22], [23]. It thus calls for immediate and effective action to understand and alleviate the suffering of such a large group of affected people, in which the primary step is to perform an accurate and efficient facial nerve function assessment which is a prerequisite for facial palsy diagnosis and therapy [24], [25].…”

“…As mentioned above, most facial nerve dysfunction is visually observable with clear static or dynamic facial signs, 1 The most common acute facial nerve paralysis without known causes. It is thought to account for 60-75% facial palsy cases [22], [23]. which motivated a lot of studies on automated facial nerve function assessment from biomedical visual capture of the face.…”

74. Brainstem excitability in Hemifacial Spasm and Post-Facial Palsy Synkinesias and effects of botulinum toxin

“…Unilateral peripheral facial palsy is one of the most common neurologic disorders affecting the cranial nerves and it is the most common cause of facial paralysis worldwide: it is thought it accounts for approximately 60-75% of cases of acute unilateral facial paralysis (Katusic et al, 1986). Although it is a benign and self-limiting inflammatory condition, it has a considerable impact on the patient because it is a disfiguring disorder (Newadkar et al, 2016) .…”