Facial Parasympathetic Innervation of the Rat Choroid, Lacrimal Glands and Ciliary Ganglion

Beckers, Henny J. M.; Klooster, Jan; Vrensen, Gijs F.J.M.; Lamers, W.P.M.A.

doi:10.1159/000267332

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The present study proves that in addition to para sympathetic innervation [9], the posterior eye segment receives sympathetic innervation like most parts of the anterior eye segment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…The parasympathetic innervation of the an terior eye segment runs via the EdingerWestphal nucleus and the ciliary ganglion [8]. The parasympathetic innervation of the choroid, however, is thought to run via the pterygopalatine ganglion and to be of facial origin [9,10]. Physiological experiments also demonstrated sympathetic innervation of the choroid [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sympathetic Innervation of the Rat Choroid: An Autoradiographic Tracing and Immunohistochemical Study

Klooster

Beckers²,

Tusscher³

et al. 1996

Ophthalmic Res

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The sympathetic innervation of the choroid was investigated by means of the anterograde tracer ³H-leucine, injected into the rostral part of the superior cervical ganglion. The tracer was autoradiographically visualized at the light- and electron microscopic levels. Labelled unmyelinated fibres were found in the choroid and labelled terminals were observed in close proximity to the smooth muscle cells of arterioles. The labelled terminals contain granular vesicles of different size and clear vesicles; the mitochondria were of the electron-dense type and no cell-to-cell synaptic contacts were observed. In addition, tyrosine hydroxylase immunocytochemistry was performed. Immunostained terminals found in the choroid show ultra-structural features similar to those found in the tracing experiments: granular vesicles of different size, clear vesicles and electron-dense mitochondria. On the basis of previous studies and the present observations, it is concluded that the choroid has a dual innervation, a parasympathetic innervation from the pterygopalatine ganglion and a sympathetic innervation from the superior cervical ganglion. The dual innervation is most likely involved in maintaining the homeostasis of vaso-dilatation and vasoconstriction in the choroid.

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“…The present study proves that in addition to para sympathetic innervation [9], the posterior eye segment receives sympathetic innervation like most parts of the anterior eye segment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympathetic Innervation of the Rat Choroid: An Autoradiographic Tracing and Immunohistochemical Study

Klooster

Beckers²,

Tusscher³

et al. 1996

Ophthalmic Res

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“…Physiological studies supported the functional nomenclature and showed that electrical stimuli in the region of the salivatory nuclei led to salivation (Wang and Borison, 1947). However, other studies showed that the parasympathetic ganglia innervated by SSN neurons project to the cerebral vasculature and lacrimal glands as well as to salivary glands Beckers et al, 1993;Cheng et al, 2000). Still other studies showed that some preganglionic neurons of the salivatory nuclei themselves participate in lacrimal rather than salivatory control (Toth et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Direct projections from the cardiovascular nucleus tractus solitarii to pontine preganglionic parasympathetic neurons: A link to cerebrovascular regulation

Agassandian

Fazan

Adanina

et al. 2002

J of Comparative Neurology

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Peripheral or central interruption of the baroreflex or the parasympathetic innervation of cerebral vessels leads to similar changes in regulation of cerebral blood flow. Therefore, we sought to test the hypothesis that the cardiovascular nucleus tractus solitarii, the site of termination of arterial baroreceptor nerves, projects to pontine preganglionic neurons whose stimulation elicits cerebral vasodilatation. The current study utilized both light and electron microscopic techniques to analyze anterograde tracing from the cardiovascular nucleus tractus solitarii to preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in the pons. We further used retrograde tracing from that same pontine region to the cardiovascular nucleus tractus solitarii and evaluated the confluence of tracing from the cardiovascular nucleus tractus solitarii to pontine preganglionic neurons labeled retrogradely from the pterygopalatine ganglia. The cardiovascular nucleus tractus solitarii projected to pontine preganglionic parasympathetic neurons, but more rostral and caudal regions of nucleus tractus solitarii did not. In contrast, all three regions of nucleus tractus solitarii projected to the nucleus ambiguus and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Although not projecting to pontine preganglionic parasympathetic neurons, regions lateral, rostral, and caudal to cardiovascular nucleus tractus solitarii sent projections through the pons medial to the preganglionics. The study establishes the presence of a direct monosynaptic pathway from neurons in the cardiovascular nucleus tractus solitarii to pontine preganglionic parasympathetic neurons that project to the pterygopalatine ganglia, the source of nitroxidergic vasodilatory innervation of cerebral blood vessels. It provides evidence that activation of those preganglionic neurons can cause cerebral vasodilatation and increased cerebral blood flow. Finally, it demonstrates differential innervation of medullary and pontine preganglionic parasympathetic neurons by different regions of the nucleus tractus solitarii.

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“…In our study, however, we found that preganglionic neurons do not contain SOM. It is likely that other sources, such as the ciliary ganglion 20,[42][43][44] or fibers from other areas of the brain stem, 45 are the sources of the terminals described in the quail study. Although this discrepancy could be attributable to species differences, the fact that chickens and quails belong to the same family weakens this supposition.…”

Section: Central Nucleimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Autonomic Facial Nerve Pathway in Birds: A Tracing Study in Chickens

Schrödl

Brehmer

Neuhuber

et al. 2006

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Facial Parasympathetic Innervation of the Rat Choroid, Lacrimal Glands and Ciliary Ganglion

Cited by 23 publications

References 8 publications

Sympathetic Innervation of the Rat Choroid: An Autoradiographic Tracing and Immunohistochemical Study

Sympathetic Innervation of the Rat Choroid: An Autoradiographic Tracing and Immunohistochemical Study

Direct projections from the cardiovascular nucleus tractus solitarii to pontine preganglionic parasympathetic neurons: A link to cerebrovascular regulation

The Autonomic Facial Nerve Pathway in Birds: A Tracing Study in Chickens

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