Facial pillars in dogs: an anatomical study

Abstract

This study describes the facial pillar system in dolichocephalic and brachycephalic breeds of dogs, and highlights its differences. Knowledge of facial pillar system anatomy is imperative to carry out successful fracture repair. The aim of our study was to describe the pillar system of the facial skeleton in dogs, and compare different shapes of dog skulls using native skulls, radiographs and computed tomography (CT). The heads of brachycephalic and dolichocephalic dogs were investigated following a maceration process using trans-illumination, radiography and CT. Ground sections were created from bones of the facial skeleton for investigation of osteon directions. This study has revealed that the facial skeleton of the dog has numerous sinuses supported by vertically and horizontally oriented bone pillars. These pillars can be divided into five principal regions in dolichocephalic skulls and six principal regions in brachycephalic skulls. Radiographic imaging of both the brachiocephalic and dolichocephalic skulls was not capable of discerning bone pillars. Computed tomography transverse and horizontal section images discerned all pillars observed in the illuminated skulls.

Normal variation of clinical mobility of the mandibular symphysis in dogs

“…It is possible that we found more variation because we evaluated a larger population as compared to the number of dogs studied by Scapino ( 2 , 3 ). Also, we should consider that breed selection, known to have modified skull shape of certain breeds significantly over the years ( 20 , 27 , 28 ), could have also modified the average symphyseal shape. We acknowledge that it would have been interesting to also classify the radiographs based on other factors, such as symphyseal plate irregularities and width of the symphyseal space, and correlate these data with clinical mobility.…”

“…We acknowledge the fact that breed classification based on skull morphology (i.e., dolicocephalic, mesocephalic and brachycephalic) may vary based on different studies and type of indices used, with some breeds being classified differently over time ( 1 , 20 , 27 ). Also, there is individual variation within a breed, which could not be accounted for in the present study.…”

Modelos animais utilizados para o estudo da articulação temporomandibular: revisão de literatura

“…A anatomia e a localização da ATM do coelho tornam sua avaliação radiográfica um desafio devido à superposição de alguns ossos e tecidos moles. Somente os seios frontais e o esqueleto facial são claramente discerníveis, devido ao seu caráter superficial (Kyllar, Paral, Pyszko, & Doskarova, 2017). Diferentes tomadas radiográficas têm sido sugeridas para melhorar a visualização das estruturas, por meio de radiografias (King, Cranfield, Hall, Hammond, & Sullivan, 2010).…”