“…Various other materials used in the fabrication of nanobiosensors include titanium dioxide [143 -144] , silica [145,146] , porous zinc oxide [147] , magnetic/core -shell -type nanoparticles [148 -150] , Ni/Al -based nanofl akes [151] , hexacyanoferrates [152] and oxides [153] of nickel, Prussian blue [154] , colloidal clay [155] , conducting polymers [156] , cobalt oxide [157] , polyelectrolyte nanocapsules [158] , and copper [159] and its alloy with gold [160] . The choice of the material for the nanoparticles depends upon factors such as the nature of analyte, the detection system and, importantly, the physicochemical, electrochemical, or optical properties of the material itself.…”