Facile, Efficient Approach to Accomplish Tunable Chemistries and Variable Biodistributions for Shell Cross-Linked Nanoparticles

Sun, Guorong; Hagooly, Aviv; Xu, Jixian; Nyström, Andreas M.; Li, Zicheng; Rossin, Raffaella; Moore, Dennis A.; Wooley, Karen L.; Welch, Michael J.

doi:10.1021/bm800246x

Cited by 86 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The quantification of the impact of mPEG grafting density on the surface of organic polymer nanoparticles was made through a series of rigorous experimental studies (4). The key to the synthesis of the nanoparticles with well-defined and variable levels of mPEG surface grafts was the incorporation of the mPEGs onto the backbone of polymer building blocks that were designed to then undergo selfassembly to establish the nanoscopic materials.…”

Section: State Of the Art: Designs In Vivo Biodistribution And Petmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Advantages of Nanoparticles for PET

Welch

Hawker²,

Wooley³

2009

J Nucl Med

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128

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Nanoparticles have an advantage for molecular imaging in that many functionalities can be added to the surface and interior of the particle. This brief review focuses on the design of nanomaterials that take advantage of PET. An evolutionary approach is presented, leading to the optimization of the nanoparticle composition and structure to achieve controlled in vivo circulation and tissue-selective targeting. Organic and inorganic nanostructures are included. Nanoprobes for PET of angiogenesis and cancer are highlighted. There is currently great interest in the application of nanoparticles for molecular imaging. This has led to the development of both organic and inorganic nanoparticles that have been functionalized so that radionuclides, targeting ligands, and polyethylene glycol can be attached to provide the imaging signal, target the particle, and alter the pharmacokinetics of the particle. The structure of the nanoparticle allows a broad range of radiolabeled chemistries to be used to attach various PET nuclides to the particle. Using nanoparticles with PET allows the quantitation of PET (1) and the multifunctionality of nanoparticles to be taken advantage of. Nanoscopic materials fill a critical position between the macroscopic world and molecular-level detail and can be designed to offer unique advantages when compared with both macroscopic materials and molecular systems. As structures are built up from their constituent parts, the surface area-to-volume ratio decreases. For instance, for a spheric object, the surface area increases by a factor of r 2 , whereas the volume increases cubically; the surface area-tovolume ratio, therefore, decreases with increasing sphere radius. Considered in the opposite sense, the volume-to-surface area ratio increases with increasing diameter, so that on going from small molecules or macromolecules and building up to nanoscale structures, an internal volume is created. This characteristic has generated significant interest in synthetic nanomaterials that can serve as vessels for the transport and delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents. Nanoscopic objects possess internal packaging capacity and a sufficient surface area for presentation of multiple types and numbers of active elements; that is, they can be designed to have an optimal balance of internal volume and external surface area.The promising attributes of nanomaterials for targeted imaging include their ability to deliver large numbers of imaging agents per each targeted molecular recognition event to achieve high-sensitivity imaging and their ability to deliver several different types of those imaging agents to perform multimodality imaging. Several examples of synthetic nanomaterials that carry radiolabels for PET and biologically active ligands for targeting will be highlighted. The ability to perform highly sensitive imaging, by taking advantage of the power of PET and the capacity of the nanoscale framework, will be demonstrated. STATE OF THE ART: DESIGNS, IN VIVO BIODISTRIBUTION, AND PETThe impact of mol...

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Section: State Of the Art: Designs In Vivo Biodistribution And Petmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Advantages of Nanoparticles for PET

Welch

Hawker²,

Wooley³

2009

J Nucl Med

Self Cite

128

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“…Sun et al showed that block copolymers can be used to prepare nanomaterials for imaging (38). In this work, the metal chelator DOTA was grafted onto block copolymer precursors from which shell cross-linked knedellike nanoparticles were assembled.…”

Section: Hybrid Imaging Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bridge Not Too Far: Linking Disciplines Through Molecular Imaging Probes

Valliant

2016

J. Nucl. Med. Technol.

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CE credit: For CE credit, you can access the test for this article, as well as additional JNMT CE tests, online at https://www.snmmilearningcenter.org. Complete the test online no later than September 2016. Your online test will be scored immediately. You may make 3 attempts to pass the test and must answer 80% of the questions correctly to receive 1.0 CEH (Continuing Education Hour) credit. SNMMI members will have their CEH credit added to their VOICE transcript automatically; nonmembers will be able to print out a CE certificate upon successfully completing the test. The online test is free to SNMMI members; nonmembers must pay $15.00 by credit card when logging onto the website to take the test.The field of nuclear medicine will rely increasingly on the discovery, proper evaluation, and clinical use of molecular imaging probes and on collaborations. Collaborations will include new initiatives among experts already involved in the field and with researchers, technologists, and clinicians from different areas of science and medicine. This article serves to highlight some of the opportunities in which molecular imaging and nuclear medicine in conjunction with probe development, new imaging technologies, and multidisciplinary collaborations can have a significant impact on health care and basic science from the perspective of a person involved in probe development. The article emphasizes breast cancer, but the concepts are readily applied to other areas of medicine and medical research. Nucl ear medicine is a unique field in that it relies on habitual collaboration between groups possessing disparate expertise. Nuclear medicine physicians work collaboratively on a daily basis with imaging physicists and nuclear medicine technologists who directly and indirectly rely on partnerships with biologists, chemists, engineers, and medical research teams to develop, validate, and produce radiopharmaceuticals. The future of nuclear medicine involves exploiting the full potential of molecular imaging and targeted radiotherapy and will require building on the existing culture of collaboration. To be truly successful, nuclear medicine will need to form bridges to groups outside the present sphere of collaboration-the underlying theme of this article.Society is facing challenging times that will shape the future of probe development. There has been a significant downturn in the world's economy that is affecting economic decisions made by consumers and governments, particularly with respect to health care. The world is in the midst of a protracted and ongoing isotope shortage, both an acute shortage associated with the shutdown of the reactor at Chalk River, limiting the supply of 99 Mo and 99m Tc, and a chronic underfunding of cyclotron laboratories. Economic pressures are affecting the way decisions are made about which new diagnostic technologies will ultimately be funded. This effect is true in public, private, and hybrid-model health-care systems, in which groups developing new probes must be conscious about both the healt...

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“…Paracellular permeability for peptides can be improved by using polymers such as chitosan [63], polyacrylates [64,82], and starch [78]. Chitosan is believed to Handbook 2015 improve paracellular transport of peptides such as insulin, due to its charge to bind to the epithelium, resulting in a structural reorganization of tight junction-associated proteins; polyacrylates act as absorption promoters, they are able to inactivate proteolytic enzymes from the intestinal lumen (e.g., trypsin) or those found in the brush border (aminopeptidases).…”

Section: Dependence Of Nanoparticle Size and Its Entry Into The Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Size and Functionalization of Pharmaceutical Nanoparticles and Their Interaction with Biological Systems

Díaz-Torres¹,

López‐Arellano²,

Escobar-Chávez³

et al. 2015

Handbook of Nanoparticles

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This work reflects the need to have information on physicochemical properties of pharmaceutical nanoparticles and their interaction with biological systems, especially properties like particle size and surface functionalization that give special features when nanoparticles go through membranes, during opsonization, against immunogenicity, different toxicities, etc. This work aims to help new researchers to better understand the close relationship between pharmaceutical nanoparticles and their properties and their effects on biological systems and also contribute to nanotechnologists to take into account this situation and be aware that their responsibility does not end with the development and manufacture of these nanosystems.This chapter was written for specialist in different areas to enrich its content, and it is not the vision of a single author. We collaborated in this document nanotechnologists, toxicologists, and pharmaceutical technologists to give a critical approach to the imminent progress of nanotechnology in many areas of the knowledge such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, foods, chemical industry, computer industry, etc. Interaction of nanoparticles with human tissues, plants, animals, soils, water, air, etc. is inevitable because in the future, nanoparticles will be an important source of pollution and we must know how they interact with the surroundings depending on their physicochemical properties. Currently, a new branch of Nanotechnology called Nanotoxicology has been developed to deal with these dilemmas and in the future will be much more important than nowadays. Standardized protocols must be established to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity caused by nanostructures.

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Facile, Efficient Approach to Accomplish Tunable Chemistries and Variable Biodistributions for Shell Cross-Linked Nanoparticles

Cited by 86 publications

References 66 publications

The Advantages of Nanoparticles for PET

The Advantages of Nanoparticles for PET

A Bridge Not Too Far: Linking Disciplines Through Molecular Imaging Probes

Effect of Size and Functionalization of Pharmaceutical Nanoparticles and Their Interaction with Biological Systems

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