Facile Fabrication and High Supercapacitive Performance of Three-Dimensional Mn/MnO_x Periodic Arrays Architecture

Abstract

In this paper, 3D-Mn/MnO x periodic arrays architecture is fabricated through a facile and efficient method. A femtosecond laser is used to generate a 3D conductive network on a metallic manganese surface which also serves as the current collector (3D-Mn), followed by chemical oxidation to form Mn2O3 and MnO2 on the surface of the 3D-Mn. Detailed electrochemical characterization reveals that the 3D-Mn/MnO x electrode exhibits good rate performance and cycle life, and the assembled 3D-Mn/MnO x supercapacitor can deliver the highest energy density of 5.6 μWh/cm2 at a power density of 21.8 μW/cm2. The enhanced performance is attributed to the unique periodic 3D-Mn/MnO x architecture which largely increases the effective electrode surface area, shortens the electron/ion transportation distance, facilitates electrolyte permeation, and reduces the contact resistance between 3D-Mn and MnO x . Importantly, MnO x is formed directly on the 3D-Mn surface, which helps to maintain the structural integrity and mechanical adhesion between each other, and thus is beneficial to long-term electrochemical cycling.

Optimization mechanism and applications of ultrafast laser machining towards highly designable 3D micro/nano structuring

“…110 This structure had a large specic surface area, which shortened the transport path of electrons/ions, promoted electrolyte penetration, and reduced the contact resistance between 3D Mn and MnO x , which are conducive to long-term electrochemical cycling. 110 Kwon et al proposed a laser direct writing technique based on TPP for the fabrication of a photoresist-derived carbon cross nger electrode (PRC-IDE) with a large areal capacitance. 111 In addition, femtosecond laser processing has extremely high preparation efficiency compared with other commonly used fabrication technologies.…”

“…Cui and co-workers developed a highly effective method to fabricate manganese oxide directly on the surface of a 3D manganese collector. 110 In their process, a 3D conductive network on the surface of manganese was generated by a femtosecond laser and the network also acted as a current collector (named 3D Mn). 110 Manganese oxides were then directly formed on the femtosecond laser-structured surface by chemical oxidation (named 3D Mn/MnO x ).…”

“… 110 In their process, a 3D conductive network on the surface of manganese was generated by a femtosecond laser and the network also acted as a current collector (named 3D Mn). 110 Manganese oxides were then directly formed on the femtosecond laser-structured surface by chemical oxidation (named 3D Mn/MnO x ). 110 This structure had a large specific surface area, which shortened the transport path of electrons/ions, promoted electrolyte penetration, and reduced the contact resistance between 3D Mn and MnO x , which are conducive to long-term electrochemical cycling.…”

“… 110 Manganese oxides were then directly formed on the femtosecond laser-structured surface by chemical oxidation (named 3D Mn/MnO x ). 110 This structure had a large specific surface area, which shortened the transport path of electrons/ions, promoted electrolyte penetration, and reduced the contact resistance between 3D Mn and MnO x , which are conducive to long-term electrochemical cycling. 110 Kwon et al proposed a laser direct writing technique based on TPP for the fabrication of a photoresist-derived carbon cross finger electrode (PRC-IDE) with a large areal capacitance.…”