“…Therefore, the sensitive and precise determination of UA is significant in, for instance, disease screening and physiological studies [ 5 ]. In recent years, many methods have been developed for the estimation and detection of UA levels, such as enzymatic assays [ 6 , 7 ], electrochemical sensors [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], spectrophotometric methods [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], Raman spectroscopy [ 16 ], chromatography [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], and fluorescent spectrometry [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Although enzymatic assays are the conventional method for the detection of UA, this method has challenges, including the high purification costs and the thermal instability of enzyme.…”